Petroleum modem concept

The characteristic feature of the modem concept of petroleum formation is based on a new geological idea. Here, there is the representation that there occurs a horizontal movement of separate blocks of the lithosphere, the so-called, lithosphere-plates . Deep down our planet is a circulation of material according to the... 

Process industries utilize a wide range of feedstocks to manufacture chemical, petroleum, gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, biofuel, food, microelectronics, metal, textile, and forestry products. Chemical processes exert some of the most profound impacts on the environment especially because of their ubiquitous nature and the importance of chemical products to our modem society (e.g., antibiotics, varieties of foods, energy, fuels, etc.). In recent years, environmental consciousness has been growing and has become a critical factor in the decision-making step of industrial processes. This awareness has led to the formulation of the concept of sustainability and sustainable development in the past century [1,2]. 

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