Petroleum degradation

Walker et al. [84] examined several methods and solvents for use in the extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from estuarine water and sediments, during an in situ study of petroleum degradation in sea water. The use of... 

Total heterotrophs Petroleum degraders Total organic carbon Time required for cleanup Age of release... 

Biological characteristics include microscopic and chromatographic examinations, plate counts, total heterotrophs, petroleum degrading, total hydrogen degrading, bacteria microscopic examination, and TOC. 

Petroleum Degraders This test cultures bacteria that are able to grow using petroleum as the sole carbon source. A popular variation of this test is called the... 

Desorption from the hydrocarbon is a critical part of the growth cycle of petroleum-degrading bacteria. Petroleum is a mixture of thousands of different hydrocarbon molecules. Any particular bacterium is only able to use a part of the petroleum. As the bacteria multiply at the hydrocarbon/water interface of a droplet, the relative amount of nonutilizable hydrocarbon continually increases, until the cells can no longer grow. For bacteria to continue to multiply, they must be able to... 

Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. (1976b). Enumeration of petroleum-degrading microorganisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 31, 198—207. 

Many chemicals important to genetic research have been produced at high levels, e.g. DNA ligase production in E. coli can be enhanced several hundred fold. Other enzymes can also be produced for industrial use and enhanced degradative ability has been generated for instance, enhanced petroleum degraders can be added to oil spills to accelerate clean-up operations. However, it is in the production of medically related compounds that this technology has been most successfully applied as, for example, in the production of insulin. 

Walker et al. [114] examined several methods and solvents for use in the extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from estuarine water and sediments, during an in situ study of petroleum degradation in sea water. The use of hexane, benzene and chloroform as solvents is discussed and compared, and quantitative and qualitative differences were determined by analysis using low-resolution computerised mass spectrometry. Using these data, and data obtained following the total recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons, it is concluded that benzene or benzene-methanol azeotrope are the most effective solvents. 

Production of alkane and alkene from CO2 by a petroleum-degrading bacterium strain HD-1... 

A petroleum-degrading strain HD-1 was able to grow autotrophically by using CQ2 as sole carbon source. Inside the cell there accumulated alkane/alkene besides fatty acids or poly-p-hydroxyalkanoic acid. Fatty acids and fatty aldehydes were shown to be reduced to alkane/alkene by anaerobic incubation with the HD-1 cell lysate. 

Biodegradation of petroieum by coid-adapted petroleum-degrading bacteria... 

Humic earth results from the decomposition of organic matter, particularly cellulose from dead plants. The organic phase contains humic acids, allomelanins with complex phenolic macro-molecular structure. Humic substances fall between plants and geological materials (coals and petroleum). Degraded organic matter when released into the environment will form relatively soluble fulvic acids which will condense to form humic acids and then humins with lower solubilties. Humic earths are transitional between the low grade coal lignite (. v.) and peaty soils. 

Rosenberg E, Barkay T, Navon-Venezia S, Ron EZ (1999) Role of Acinetobacter bioemulsans in petroleum degradation. In Fass R et al (eds) Novel approaches for bioremediation of organic pollution. Kluwer/Plenum, New York, pp 171-180... 

Lima, T. M., Procopio, L. C., Brandao, F. D., Leao, B. A., Totola, M. R., Borges, A. C. Evaluation of bacterial surfactant toxicity towards petroleum degrading microorganisms. 

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