Petroleum catalyst

Occurrence. The most important ore of Mo is molybdenite, the sulphide MoS2. Another mineral is wulfenite (PbMo04). The recovery of Mo from spent petroleum catalysts is widely used. 

It is now clear that, when propagation centers are formed, olefin polymerization by all solid catalysts (including the Phillips Petroleum catalyst from chromium deposited on oxides, and the Standard Oil catalyst of molybdenum oxide on aluminum oxide) essentially follows the same mechanism chain growth through monomer insertion into the transition-metal-carbon bond, with precoordination of the monomer. Interestingly,... 

Chemical Petroleum Catalysts, Industrial Study 1178, Freedonia Group Inc., Cleveland OH, USA, Freedonia Report, 1999. 

Preparation and characterization of petroleum catalysts each utilize an extremely wide variety of tools, techniques, and technologies, which must be carefully combined to achieve success. Not only must the catalyst preparation personnel understand the signifi-... 

Bark D. P, Petroleum catalysts. A compidwnshie lode at a 168 millioii/year business headed Cor qtecta-adar growth , Chem. Wedt, 3 (18) 23-33 (197 ... 

The demand for the rare earth metals increased over the last two decades of the 20th century, and the demand for cerium oxides in motor vehicle catalytic converters (see equations 26.39 and 26.40) has been a major contributing factor. In 2001, the major use (34% of the total consumption) for rare earth metals in the US was in glass polishing and ceramics. Petroleum catalysts and catalytic converters... 

Burlce. D. P-, Petroleum catalysts. A comprehensive look at a 168 mfllion/year business headed for spectacular growth", Chan. Week, 3 (18) 25.33 (1972)... 

The molybdenum supply in the Western world can be broken down into primary mine production (40%), byproduct, or coproduct output from copper and scheelite mines (55%), imports (from the People s Republic of China) 3%, and molybdenum recovered from the processing of spent petroleum catalysts (2%). 

From the southeastern United States, clinker is produced from a raw feed containing microcrystalline limestone, slag, spent petroleum catalyst, bauxite, stau-rolite, quartz, feldspar, mill scale, and other constituents. Forty five percent of the feed is >45 pm, with 15% >125 pm. IR g = 13.4%. = 6.3%, Q " = 2.6%, and... 

Photograph 10-6 Thin section of easily burned raw feed (>45-pm fraction) showing round polycrystalline petroleum catalyst (upper left), glassy ceramic waste (magenta arrow), quartzite (green arrow), and ironbearing limestone (yellow arrow). (S A6874)... 

Catalytic HDO research has, to date, been based on application of traditional petroleum catalysts. Moderate successes in applying these HDO catalysts on bio-oils have been attained. However, specialized catalysts for bio-oil application, as opposed to petroleum applications, have yet to be developed. The complex chemistry of bio-oils presents a special challenge compared to that of processing ande petroleum oils that are mainly composed of hydrocarbons. A promising approach identified by Bridgwater and Cottam (1992) is the identification of a modified zeolite that is more selective toward trio-oil components and desired products. 

Chan, I.Y. (2003). Characterization of petroleum catalysts by electron microscopy. In Li, Z.R. (Ed.) Lndustrial Applications of Electron Microscopy, New York Marcel Dekker. 

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