Model pesticide root zone

Carsel RF, Mulkey LA, Lorber MN, et al. 1985. The pesticide root zone model (PRZM) A procedure for evaluating pesticide leaching threats to groundwater. Ecological Modeling 30 49-69. 

Carsel, R.F., Nixon, W.B., and Ballantine, L.G. Comparison of pesticide root zone model predictions with observed concentrations for the tobacco pesticide metalaxyl in unsaturated zone soils. Environ. Toxicol Chem., 5(4) 345-353,1986. 

A continuous, dynamic, one-dlmenslonal model called the Pesticide Root Zone Model or PRZM, has been developed recently by EPA/ORD In Athens, Georgia (110). PRZM allows for varying hydrologic and chemical properties by soil horizon. Weather data for water flow modeling Is obtained from dally precipitation records of the National Weather Service. It has been successfully validated with atrazlne field data from Watklns-vllle, Georgia and aldlcarb data from Long Island, New York for depths less than 3 meters. 

Carsel, R.F. Smith, C.N. lorber, M.N. "Pesticide Root Zone Model Transient Hydraulic Model," EPA/ORD, Athens, GA, In review. 

Perhaps most easy to overlook are spatial and temporal dependencies. For example, the hydrologic component of the pesticide root zone model-exposnre analysis modeling system (PRZM-EX AMS) treats mnltiple field plots over whole watersheds as independent, nnconpled, simple, 1-dimensional flow systems. In reality, the field plots are coupled systems that exhibit complex 3-dimensional water flow and pesticide transport (US SAP 1999). These higher order processes introduce spatial dependencies that may need to be considered in the assessment. Temporal autocorrelations are also likely when assessing exposure. 

Sauer, T.J., K.J. Fermanich, and T.C. Daniel (1990). Comparison of the pesticide root zone model simulated and measured pesticide mobility under two tillage systems. J. Environ. Qual., 19 727-734. 

P. Singh and R. L. Jones, Cort5)arison of Pesticide Root Zone Model 3.12 Runoff Predictions With Field Data , Env. Tox. Chem. 2002,21 (8), 1545-1551. 

Carsel, R. F., C. N. Smith, L. A. Mulkey, J. D. Dean, P. Jowise, "Users Manual for the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) Release 1", EPA-60013-84-109, December 1984. 

Lorber, M. N., "A Method for the Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Potential Utilizing PRZM - A Pesticide Root Zone Model for the Unsaturated Zone, presented at the ACS Symposium on Evaluation of Pesticides in Groundwater, Miami, April, 1985. 

To try to predict aldicarb movement to and in the groundwater, efforts are being made to combine two models, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s Pesticide Root Zone Model (36) and the Random Walk Model (37). The goal is to match the output of the combination of these models with the observed aldicarb residue concentrations listed in Tables II and III. 

The Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) is being utilized to calculate a daily concentration of aldicarb leaching into the groundwater. Daily meteorological records and irrigation schedules are input into the model. Other important input parameters include... 

Using a Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) for the Unsaturated Zone... 

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