Perspectives Molecular Functional Groups

From an atom economy perspective, He and Shi achieved efficient solventless hydroarylation of alkynes. Reaction took place efficiently under air atmosphere at ambient temperature and different functional groups could be tolerated. The catalytic system employed was AuCl3/AgTfO (1 3) and both inter-molecular and intra-molec-ular processes were described [128]. 

Molecular sequences reveal evolutionary relationships in ways and to an extent that classical phenotypic criteria, and even molecular functions, cannot. What can be seen only dimly, if at all, at higher levels of cellular organization becomes obvious in terms of molecular structures and sequences. This point is nowhere more dramatically illustrated than by the present situation, where at the level of the whole-cell phenotype the archaea and bacteria are, at best, difficult to distinguish, and the differences they do show are impossible to interpret unequivocally. However, the uniqueness of the two groups is blatant and readily interpretable on the molecular level. From the perspective of ribosomal RNA sequence and structure the living world divides into three distinct classes, corresponding to three very distinct rRNA types [48,49]. The same three classes... 

Studies have demonstrated that the electronic relaxation depends upon the location of the core hole site and the configuration of the core hole excited state. The important feature is that the core hole is localized on a specific atom and this localization is projected onto the valence electrons in the decay process. Molecular Auger spectra thus present a view of molecular electronic structure from the perspective of particular atoms in a molecule. The spectra therefore can serve to identify particular molecules and functional groups, to distinguish between localized and delocalized bonding, and to measure orbital atomic populations for various atoms in a molecule (Rye and Houston 1984). This localization and the projection onto the valence... 

Transfer hydrogenation of ketones is quite general with regard to the molecular complexity of substrates and tolerates many functional groups. Recently, enatioselective transfer hydrogenation has been successfully applied to imine reduction [39]. From a synthetic perspective the principal virtue of this approach is the ease of generation of alcohols and amines in excellent yields with high enantiomeric excess. 

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