Personal construct theory

In this connection, it is worth bearing in mind an assertion by George Kelly, a psychologist who developed a theory of behaviour based on each individual s personal construct of their world ... 

Some researchers have shown that, in contrast with experienced teachers, begiiming chemistry teachers articulated personal theories conflicted with their classroom practices (Brickhouse Bodner, 1992 Volkman Anderson, 1998 Sweeney, Bula Cornett, 2001). In the context of educational change, teachers frameworks of personally constructed beliefs usually constrain teachers adaptation of innovative methods. For instance, Briscoe (1993) described a North American experienced chemistry teacher s struggle to adopt and implement alternative assessment routines, reporting that whenever the new routines conflicted with the teacher s existing cognitive referents ... 

Repertory grids from personal construct psychology theory [Boose, 1985]... 

Kelly, G. (1963). A theory of personality The psychology of personal constructs. New York WW Norton Company. 

Temperament with Constructs from Cloninger s Theory." journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 387-406. 

Modern mineralogy is the product of research and discovery by many persons. Robert Hooke 11665) foretold the atomic theory by constructing models of alum crystals out of leaden musket balls. Nicolaus Sieiio (I f>69)... 

Most accounts of the Watt/Beddoes collaboration have purveyed a standard story, told with variations of emphasis.103 That story has Watt driven by personal and humanitarian interest in finding better therapies for consumption. It portrays him as a politically and philosophically calming influence upon the more radical, volatile and enthusiastic Beddoes. It concentrates on Watt s construction of an apparatus, his hints and cautions about its use for production of airs and their therapeutic delivery to patients. There has been, however, no serious attempt to understand and interpret the ideas about airs that Watt brought to, and took from, the project. Nor have Watt s ideas been compared with those of Beddoes. One reason for the lack of attention to such questions may well have been the insistence of the protagonists themselves that theory had no place in their fact-based enterprise. They have been taken literally by most historians.104... 

Upon this bedrock idea, a highly complex and sophisticated statistics has been constructed that can be used to compute not only the frequency of occurrence of most events, but also many kinds of averages such as the expectation values of ensembles of particles. Does this fundamental idea provide a sound basis for all these computations The philosopher Ayer insists that probability theory cannot yield any certainty about future events and that it cannot even indicate what is likely to happen, yet, bearing this in mind, he goes on to state his personal belief that the future will probably resemble the past and so render probabilistic interpretations of our world valid. His presumption would appear to be borne out in practice, especially where large numbers of events or large populations of entities are concerned. 

As we have emphasized aheady, the study of plasticity is one of the centerpieces of the mechanics of materials. A wide array of technologies depend upon the ability to deform materials into particular desirable shapes, while from a scientific perspective I personally find the subject of great interest because it is an intrinsically dissipative process featuring history dependence and is a strong function of the material s microstructure. In addition, from the effective theory perspective, the study of plasticity is built around the motion and entanglement of dislocations which requires the construction of theories of lines and their interaction thus ushering in a certain nonlocality to the phenomenon right from the outset. 

Bond - Coordinate Bond . Maybe it doesn t exactly roll off the tongue, but it s hard to avoid this adaptation of the personal introduction used by perhaps our best-known and most enduring screen spy to introduce this section - it serves its purpose to remind us of the endurance and strength of bonds between metals and ligands, which at a basic level we can consider as a covalent bond. Moreover, it isn t just any bond, but a specially-constructed coordinate bond - hence the name of this field, coordination chemistry. Unfortunately, the simple covalent bonding concept does not provide valid interpretations for all of the physical properties of coordination complexes, and more sophisticated theories are required. We shall examine a number of bonding models for coordination complexes in this chapter. 

Sociologists tell us that there are three stages in socially constructed reality externalization, objectivation, and internalization [3]. Externalization is the initial stage, when a theory or opinion is accepted as tentatively being true. Objectivation is the next stage, when the theory or opinion is accepted as fact. Internalization is when the accepted facts are incorporated into a person s psyche as absolute truth. 

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