Permian flora

The Permian flora of Gondwana was characterized by the tree-like Glossopteridales pictured by Schopf (1970a). The stem of this hypothetical tree was com-... 

Seyfullah, L. J. and Hilton, I. (2009). Re-evaluation of Halle s fertile pteridospermsfrom the Permian floras of Shanxi Province, China. 

One well-known example is the Lower Permian Karniowice travertine of Poland, where a rich fossil flora and fauna has been uncovered (Szulc and Cwizewicz, 1989). There is evidence that tufas date back to at least the Tertiary within the Barkly karst area of Queensland, Australia (Carthew et al., 2003b), and they have also been recorded in the Eocene Chadron Formation in South Dakota (Evans, 1999), the middle Miocene Barstow Formation in the Mojave Desert of California, USA (Becker et ah, 2001), and in the Miocene Ries crater basin in Germany (Pache et ah, 2001). 

Schopf JM (1970b) Petrified peat from a Permian coal bed in Antarctica. Science 169 274-277 Schopf JM (1970c) Relation of floras of the southern hemisphere to continental drift. Taxon 15(5) 657-674... 

Gomankov, A. V. and Meyen, S. V. (1987) Tatarina flora (composition and distribution in the Late Permian of Eurasia) [Tatarinovaya flora (sostav i rasprostranenie v pozdnej permi Evrasii)]. Trudy Geolog-icheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 401 1-174 (in Russian). 

The causes for replacement of the paleophytic flora of the Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) by the mesophytic flora of the Permian period are reasonably self-evident, because the cryptogam plants are inferior in reproductive capacity to the Gymnospermeae. The second replacement, which occurred in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, is less easily understood. Indeed, the Gymnospermeae have persisted up to the present time and are,... 

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