Permanent waving formulations

Uses component in acid permanent waving formulations, mainly for use in hairdressing salons. GLYCERYL THIOGLYCOLATE... 

The reagent most frequently used for the reduction of hair is thioglycolic acid [68-11-1]. Although a variety of other mercaptans have been screened (51), none has been able to match the unique combination of efficacy, safety, and low cost that is a hallmark of thioglycolic acid. The use of microemulsions and their effectiveness on cystine reduction obtained by thioglycolic acid as compared to water has been investigated. An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate, has shown to be less effective than that of water for permanent wave formulations. However, surfactants based on nonionic surfactants are less irritating (52). 

Permanent wave formulations No hydrolysis at alkaline pH value... 

Uses Emulsion polymerization surfactant for vinyl acetate, acrylates, styrene-butadiene rubber emulsifier, solubilizer, antistat, and substantivity agent for hair care products, permanent wave formulations, straighteners, depilatories resistant to hydrolysis... 

The most successful of these products contain high ratios of VP to DMAEMA and are partially quatemized with diethyl sulfate (Polyquaternium 11) (142—144). They afford very hard, clear, lustrous, nonflaking films on the hair that are easily removed by shampooing. More recendy, copolymers with methyl vinyl imidazoliiim chloride (Polyquaternium 16) (145) or MAPTAC (methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) (Polyquaternium 28) have been introduced. Replacement of the ester group in DMAEMA with an amide analog as in Polyquaternium 28 results in a resin resistant to alkaline hydrolysis and hence greater utility in alkaline permanent-wave and bleach formulations (see Quaternary ammonium compounds). 

Uses. In the formulations of permanent wave solutions and depilatories in pharmaceutical manufacture as a stabilizer in vinyl plastics... 

Hair hygiene and care formulations including shampoos, leave-on and rinse-off conditioners, dressing and coloring lotions, permanent waves, and hair straighteners are the cosmetic products for which the use of protein derivatives has been constantly most successful and frequent. 

Formulating Considerations Do not heat above 40°C. Should be added between reduction and oxidation steps when used in permanent waves Form Supplied Clear amber liquid Microbial Considerations Standard for proteins... 

Now consider that, at certain time to, the system of aU electrons is in the antisymmetric state. Group theory states that the system will be permanently in the antisymmetric state. Thus, instead of N classes of solutions, only one has to be considered. Then, one can make a proper formulation that considers only the space of antisymmetric wave functions. As shall be seen in a forthcoming section, this formulation is called second quantization representation and simplifies several solutions of the many-particle Schroedinger equation. Further, when no external magnetic field is present, there is spin symmetry and the eigenstates are classified according to the eigenstates of and S. ... 

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