Peripheral interrupt controller

In section 3.1, we considered the security threat of covert channels of communication on single processor systems. In multicore architectures, there is increased potential for covert channel communication, for two reasons. Firstly, there are usually resources shared between cores including and caches, memory controllers and interrupt controllers, and peripherals. Secondly, because there are now multiple cores executing concurrently (rather than multiple applications executing in turn on a single core) which increases the bandwidth of the covert channel. For example, a dual core processor which has as shared L2 cache provides the potential for a high-bandwidth cover covert communication channel, which could be avoided by providing a separate L2 cache per core. 

Mecamylamine hydrochloride is an antiadrenergic agent that has a potent ganglionic blocking property. It is indicated in the treatment of moderately severe to essential hypertension and uncomplicated malignant hypertension. Blockade of sympathetic ganglia interrupts adrenergic control of arterioles and results in vasodilation, improved peripheral blood flow in some vascular beds, and a fall in blood pressure. 

I/O modules The I/O modules are composed of the I/O interface unit and the peripheral(s). From the user s view, the I/O modules receive all the instructions and data from the computer user. From the processor point of view, the I/O module is analogous to the memory component in that it will be accessed at a specific address and information can be read/written to it. The I/O modules are an intermediary between the processor and I/O devices to off load some of the processor overhead. However, it is different from memory in that it may send control signals to the processor that will cause a processor exception to occur. Many computer manufacturers use the term exception to include interrupts, and the two terms will be synonymously used throughout this article. Examples of I/O devices are keyboards, printers, disk drives, CD-ROM drives, DVD drives, tape drives, and ZIP drives. 

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