Periodic table, 2, 9, inside back cover

Atomic hydrogen spectrum, 253 Atomic number. 88 and periodic table, 89 table, inside back cover Atomic orbitals, 262. 263 Atomic pile, 120 Atomic theory, 17, 22, 28, 234 as a model, 17 chemical evidence for, 234 of John Dalton, 236 review, 34... 

For example, polonium was named after Poland, francium after France, and americium after the United States of America. Still other elements were named after scientists. Curium was named after Marie Curie, and mendelevium after Dmitri Mendeleev. Every element s name, symbol, and atomic number are included in the periodic table (inside front cover) and in an alphabetical listing (inside back cover) in this book. 

A complete periodic table of the elements is presented on the inside back cover... 

In the periodic table, atomic masses are listed directly below the symbol of the element. In the table on the inside front cover of this text, atomic masses are cited to four significant figures. That ordinarily will be sufficient for our purposes, although more precise values are available (see the alphabetical list of elements on the inside back cover). 

All molar masses quoted in this text refer to these average values. Their values are given in Appendix 2D. They are also included in the periodic table inside the front cover and in the alphabetical list of elements inside the back cover. 

In order to clarify the situation for the purposes of the series, a suitable labeled periodic table is printed on the inside back cover of each volume. All references to periodic group designations in the series refer to this scheme. 

The molar masses of elements are determined by using mass spectrometry to measure the masses of the individual isotopes and their abundances. The mass per mole of atoms is the mass of an individual atom multiplied by the Avogadro constant (the number of atoms per mole). However, there is a complication. Most elements occur in nature as a mixture of isotopes we saw in Section B, for instance, that neon occurs as three isotopes, each with a different mass. In chemistry, we almost always deal with natural samples of elements, which have the natural abundance of isotopes. So, we need the average molar mass, the molar mass calculated by taking into account the masses of the isotopes and their relative abundances in typical samples. All molar masses quoted in this text refer to these average values. Their values are given in Appendix 2D. They are also included in the periodic table inside the front cover and in the alphabetical list of elements inside the back cover. 

To calculate formal charges, count how many electrons contribute to the charge of each atom and compare that number with the number of valence electrons in the free, neutral atom (given by the group number in the periodic table on the inside back cover). The electrons that contribute to an atom s charge are... 

Information about an element s protons and neutrons is often summarized using the chemical notation shown in Figure 2.3. The letter X represents the atomic symbol for an element. (The atomic symbol is also called the element symbol.) Each element has a different atomic symbol. All chemists, throughout the world, use the same atomic symbols. Over the coming months, you will probably learn to recognize many of these symbols instantly. Appendix G, at the back of this book, lists the elements in alphabetical order, along with their symbols. You can also find the elements and their symbols in the periodic table on the inside back cover of this textbook, and in Appendix C. (You will review and extend your understanding of the periodic table, in section 2.2.)... 

Figures 2.6 and 2.7 outline the key features of the modern periodic table. Take some time to review these features. Another version of the periodic table, containing additional data, appears on the inside back cover of this textbook, as well as in Appendix C.

The discovery of the periodic structure of the elements by Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, shown in Fig. 9.1, must be ranked as one the greatest achievements in the history of science. And perhaps the most impressive conceptual accomplishment of quantum mechanics has been its rational account of the origin of the periodic table. Although accurate computations become increasingly more difficult as the number of electrons increases, the general patterns of atomic behavior can be predicted with remarkable accuracy. A modem version of the periodic table is printed on the inside back cover. 

Reading hints help you identify and bookmark important charts, tables, and illustrations for easy reference. For example, you may want to use a self-adhesive note to bookmark the periodic table in the chapter describing it or on the inside back cover of your book so you can easily locate it and use it for reference as you study different aspects of chemistry and solve problems involving elements and compounds. 

Look at the periodic table on the inside back cover of this textbook. As you can see, there are more than 110 different elements. This means that there are more than 110 different kinds of atoms. What makes an atom of one element different from an atom of another element You know that all atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Thus, you might suspect that atoms somehow differ in the number of these particles. If so, you are correct. 

See Figure 1.22 and the inside front cover of this book. You should start learning the names and positions of elements that you do not know. Start with the alkali metals and the alkaline earths. Then learn the elements in the p block. A blank periodic table can be found on the inside back cover of this book. You should make several photocopies of it and should test yourself from time to time, especially after studying each chapter. 

The present third edition has been substantially revised and extended with new sections (e.g. on uncertainty) compared to the second edition. The most accurate recent fundamental physical constants and atomic masses are tabulated. The symbol as well as the subject index has been extended considerably to facilitate the usage of the Green Book. A table of numerical energy conversion factors is given and the most recent lUPAC periodic table of the elements is given on the inside back cover. 

Refer to the table at the end of the book or to the periodic table inside the back cover for the appropriate atomic masses. From these. 

Table 3.3. You can also see the elements represented on a table in the inside back cover of this text. We will explain the form of this table (which is called the periodic table) in later chapters.

For each of the following elements, use the periodic table on the inside back cover of this book to write the element s atomic number. 

Use the periodic table inside the back cover of this text to determine the atomic mass (per mole) or molar mass of each of the substances in column 1, and find that mass in column 2. 

Using the periodic table inside the back cover of the text, give the electron configurations for sulfur (S), gallium (Ga), hafnium (Hf), and radium (Ra). 

The key to solving this problem is to recognize that both A and Z must be conserved. That is, we can find the identity of by recognizing that the sums of the Z and the A values must be the same on both sides of the equation. Thus for X, Z must be 5 because Z + 1 = 6. A must be 11 because 11+0 = 11. Therefore, jX is "B. (The fact that Z is 5 tells us that the nuclide is boron. See the periodic table on the inside back cover of the book.) So the balanced equation is C... 

The modern periodic table consists of boxes, each containing an element name, symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. A typical box from the table is shown in Figure 6.3. The boxes are arranged in order of increasing atomic number into a series of columns, called groups or families, and rows, called periods. The table is shown in Figure 6.5 on the next page and on the inside back cover of your textbook. 

For the following set of questions, cover the margin, write down your answer, then check to see if you are correct. (You may refer to the Periodic Table on the inside back cover)... 

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