Periodic table compact

The positively charged protons are compacted in a tiny, dense center of the atom called the nucleus. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number for each element. The periodic table lists the number of protons in progression from the first number, hydrogen (jH, with one proton), to the most recently discovered superactinide elements and yet-to-be-discovered elements with the highest atomic numbers. 

NICKEL. [CAS 7440-02-0]. Chemical element, symbol Ni, at. no. 28. at. wt. 58.69, periodic table group 10, mp 1453rC, bp 2732°C. density 8.9 g/cm3 (solid, 20"C>. 9.04 g/cnr (angle crystal). Elemental nickel has a face-centered cubic crystal structure. Nickel is a silver-white metal, harder than iron, capable of taking a brilliant polish, malleable and ductile, magnetic below approximately 360°C. When compact, nickel is not oxidized on exposure to air at ordinary temperatures. The metal is soluble in HNO3 (dilute), but becomes passive in concentrated HNO3. The... 

The greatest advantage of a three-dimensional periodic table is the correct placement of the f elements. In addition, a three-dimensional periodic table is compact and easy to read. A disadvantage of the spiral three-dimensional periodic table is the location of the rows. Since the spiral is continuous, numbers are needed to identify the rows. Also, the elements in a spiral periodic table must be rotated in order see all of them. 

A plot of ground-state confinement energies is shown in Figure 5.2 as a function of atomic number. The obvious periodicity corresponds in detail with the structure of the compact periodic table, based on number theory, Figure 4.5. 

The four periodic laws defined by figure 4 are related in the sense that each of them fits the compact periodic table (figure 3) such that all energy shells close in either period 2 or 8 [21]. From the spacing of points at the ratio 1.04 it is inferred that two extra groups of 24 nuclides become stable against /0-type decay. The total number of nuclides is thereby increased to 12 x 25 = 300, as required by the number spiral. The total number of elements increases to 102-2=100 as required. 

FIGURE 15 Brauner s compact periodic table of 1902 with an intraperiodic accommodation of the rare-earth elements. Reproduced from Brauner (1902). 

Figure 1.1 The periodic table of the elements. The table is made up of a series of columns, called groups, and rows, called periods. Each group and period is numbered. Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties. The lanthanides and actinides fit into the table between groups 2 and 3, hut are shown separately for compactness...

As we showed, these negative aspects of chemistry are also not necessarily the fault of chemistry. It is primarily a political issue. Be it as it may, branding chemistry as the source of all evils is not a sensible approach. We are made of molecules. We are chemical creatures. Everything around us is chemical, and the periodic table is the most compact census book of the planet. In fact, we are in a way material entities that learned to manipulate matter. In so doing, we created a central human culture, which we call chemistry, and in which we can import our imagination to create new useful materials, and enjoy the beauty of a new idea, of a new creation. This is what chemistry is all about ... 

FIGURE 11.4 The periodic table published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC). Used with permission of lUPAC. This is the compact census of our planet. 

A convenient way to compactly represent such behavior is to use tables. The arrangement of the elements in a table based on the periodic law is called a periodic table. In a modem periodic table, such as the one inside the front cover of this book, elements with similar chemical properties are found in vertical columns called groups or families. 

Figure 1-3. Electron pair cloud models of binary hydrogen compounds arranged according to the position of the kernel element in the periodic table. The inner sphere is the kernel with its net positive charge shown. The other spheres are the tetrahedral (sp ) clouds of spin-paired electrons. The dots represent the protons embedded within electron clouds. These protons are actually too small to put to scale. Features to note (1) The protons move farther from the nucleus as the kernel charge increases. The molecule becomes more acidic toward water. (2) The cloud size (from covalent radii) becomes smaller as the kernel charge increases, and larger as distance from the nucleus increases while kernel charge is held constant from HF to HI. (3) Two factors affect acidity, kernel charge, from CH4 to HF, and cloud size, from HF to HI. The compact cloud of HF can bind the proton better than the diffuse cloud of HI.

FIGURE 3-4 The periodic table lists all known elements in order of increasing atomic number. Some elements from the bottom rows of the table are shown separately to make the table more compact... 

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