Performance Studies—Aims and Principles

Boerhaave s reformation of chemistry did not only consist in the presentation of a chemistry worthy of his God, but it is also visible on a practical level. The reformation ideal of the priesthood of believers, reflects itself in the setup of Boerhaave s textbook of chemistry, the Iikmenta chemiae. In the same way as every man should be able to read the Bible and be responsible for his own belief and conduct, the chemist should understand the theory of chemistry rather than follow a set of prescriptions. Boerhaave, unlike contemporary textbook writers like Lefebvre, Lemery and Geoffroy, extensively explained the theory and operations of chemistry rather than the preparations of the art. This effects the outlook and content of his whole chemistry. Instead of presenting a set of recipes, he aimed at the understanding of the elements or basic principles of the art. He encouraged his readers not to just follow formulas, but to think about what chemistry is and does. Ultimately this knowledge would enable his pupils to study chemistry independently and so improve the art. In the last part of the chapter we shall see how Boerhaave prescribed the rules for performing chemical experiments and formulating chemical theory. 

Similarly, improvement in the accuracy of the nuclear dynamics would be fruitful. While in this review we have shown that, in the absence of any approximations beyond the use of a finite basis set, the multiple spawning treatment of the nuclear dynamics can border on numerically exact for model systems with up to 24 degrees of freedom, we certainly do not claim this for the ab initio applications presented here. In principle, we can carry out sequences of calculations with larger and larger nuclear basis sets in order to demonstrate that experimentally observable quantities have converged. In the context of AIMS, the cost of the electronic structure calculations precludes systematic studies of this convergence behavior for molecules with more than a few atoms. A similar situation obtains in time-independent quantum chemistry—the only reliable way to determine the accuracy of a particular calculation is to perform a sequence of... 

The guidelines themselves, with the exception of those in countries where they are featured as regulations, are, as stated, guidelines to the conduct of the study and aim to cover compliance with the GLP principles but in no way do they dictate how the science will be performed. 

The aim of the study is to enhance the performance of electroplating systems by applying sustainabihty principles and methods. More specifically it is to simultaneously achieve waste reduction, production improvement, and social satisfaction (Fig. 10.1) electroplating system sustainabihty (ESS) can be expressed as ... 

Principles and Characteristics According to the lUPAC definition, an interlaboratory study is one in which several laboratories measure a quantity in one or more identical portions of homogeneous materials under documented conditions, the results of which are compiled into a single report. Three types of interlaboratory studies are distinguished, namely method-performance, laboratory-performance or material-certification studies. The aim of method-performance or collaborative studies is to assess the performance characteristics of a specific method. In laboratory-performance or proficiency studies a homogeneous test material is analysed of which the true concentrations are known or have been assigned in some way. The participants apply whatever... 

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