Percarbonate oxidation

Chromate-mediated percarbonate oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols and of benzylic methylene groups... 

Cleavage of C-C bonds. a-Substituted carbonyl compounds such as a-ketols and a-halo ketones suffer bond scission to give carboxylic acids when they are subjected to percarbonate oxidation and simultaneously irradiated with ultrasound. 

There are international transport regulations controlling the transport of sodium percarbonate, which assigned it to Class 5.1, oxidizing substances, however, no such compound has ever been commercialized, and sodium carbonate peroxohydrate is treated as nonhazardous. The origin of this item is not known. 

Di-re-dodecylamine, melting point, 2 52 It Di-re-hexadecylamine, melting point, 2 52 It Di-re-hexadecyl percarbonate, 6 303 Dinitraniline Orange, 1.9 434 Dinitroaniline herbicides, 43 318-319 Dinitroanilines, 13 303 1,5 -D initro anthr aquinone, 9 315-316 a,a -Dinitroanthraquinones, 9 315-316 Dinitrochlorobenzenes, 17 262 Dinitrogen, 17 311. See also N2 oxidation complexes, 17 273-274 fixation of, 17 290... 

The influence of substituents on the rates of degradation of arylazo reactive dyes based on H acid, caused by the action of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution and on cellulose, has been investigated [43]. The results suggested that the oxidative mechanism involves attack of the dissociated form of the o-hydroxyazo grouping by the perhydroxyl radical ion [ OOH]. The mechanism of oxidation of sulphonated amino- and hydroxyarylazo dyes in sodium percarbonate solution at pH 10.6 and various temperatures has also been examined. The initial rate and apparent activation energy of these reactions were determined. The ketohydrazone form of such dyes is more susceptible to attack than the hydroxyazo tautomer [44]. 

Nitrites, inorganic Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Oxygen Peracetic acid Perchloric acid solutions Potassium bromate Potassium chlorate Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloroisocyanurate) Potassium dichromate Potassium percarbonate Potassium perchlorate Potassium permanganate Potassium peroxide Potassium persulfate Potassium superoxide n-Propyl nitrate... 

The oxidation of alcohols by sodium percarbonate is also promoted by the addition of molybdenyl acetoacetate [5] and yields are comparable with those obtained by the chromate mediated reactions. 

Molybdenum-catalysed oxidation of alcohols by sodium percarbonate (Table 10.20)... 

The oxidation procedure is amenable to a number of modifications. The solvent used may be varied carbon tetrachloride, hexane, toluene and dichloro-methane have all been used successfully, although the latter two are the solvents of choice. The most common oxidant is aqueous hydrogen peroxide, but other oxidants such as t-butyl hydroperoxide [4], sodium perborate (Table 1, Entries 18 and 22) and sodium percarbonate [4] have also been employed. It is interesting to note the effect of a change of oxidant. Using alkaline hydrogen peroxide... 

Potassium percarbonate is used in photography under the name Antihypo for removing the last traces of thiosulfate from film and paper. It is a strong oxidizing agent in certain chemical analysis and in microscopic identification of tubercle bacilli. 

I. J-Diisocyanatotoluene Diisodecyl Phtbalate Diisopropanolamine Diisopropyl Ether Diisopropyl Oxide Diisopropyl Percarbonate Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate Sym-Diisopropylacetone Diisopropylamine... 

The formation of peracids as the effective oxidizing species has often been proposed for oxidations with sodium percarbonate in the presence of organic acids or acid anhydrides30-32. It was observed that at room temperature and in dichloromethane as solvent, the addition of acetic anhydride induced the epoxidation by sodium perborate of mono-, di- and trisubstituted alkenes, including a,/i-unsaturated ketones in a slightly exothermic reaction33 (equation 6). 

Vinyl boronates 228 undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with aryl hydroximinoyl chloride 229 to furnish the imine-oxide 231. The boronate moiety is highly labile under the reaction conditions and it undergoes protonolysis to yield isoxazolines 232. Alternatively, the boronates could be oxidized with hydroperoxides or sodium percarbonate to furnish the 4-hydroxyisoxazolines 233 in good yield (Scheme 39) <2000T965>. 

Several other processes have been developed, however, to accomplish the oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acids oxidation by Pb(OAc)4, by iodosobenzene-diacetate, and by Ag(II) salt generated in situ in a catalytic cycle from a variety of peroxides (benzoyl peroxide, percarbonate, perborate) [2] other than the already mentioned peroxydisulfate. Representative examples are shown in Eqs (9)—(12) of Table 2. 

Allen, J. V., Drauz, K. H., Flood, R. W., Roberts, S. M. and Skidmore, J. Polyamino acid-catalysed asymmetric epoxidation sodium percarbonate as a source of base and oxidant. Tetrahedron Lett., 1999, 40, 5417-5420. 

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