Peptidomes analysis

Tammen, H., Schulte, I., Hess, R., Menzel, C., Kellmann, M., Mohring, T., Schulz-Knappe, P. (2005). Peptidomic analysis of human blood specimens comparison between plasma, specimens and serum by differential peptide display. Proteomics 5, 3414-3422. 

One major issue underlying salivary peptidome characterization is peptide quantification. While some quantitative methods developed for proteome studies were inherited, peptidome analysis has its own quantification traits. Direct profiling with MALDI-MS or SELDI-MS has been one of the most widely used approaches for peptidome despite its limitations. For instance, Zhang el al. (32,44) used magnetic beads combined with MALDI-MS for saliva profiling in response to orthodontic procedures, solid foods, and teeth... 

Regarding the dynamic nature of salivary peptidome, it is time to devote more attention to the comprehension of peptidome adaptation to therapeutics based on peptidomic analysis combined with quantitation strategies. 

Verhaert P, Conaway M, Pekar T, Miller K (2007) Neuropeptide imaging on an LTQ with vMALDI source the complete all-in-one peptidome analysis. Int J Mass Spectrom 260 177-184. doi 10.1016/j.ijms2006.11.008... 

Peptidomic analysis of human blood specimens comparison between plasma specimens and serum by differential peptide display. Proteomics 5, 414-422. 

Since 2002, on-line nanoscale LC-ESI-MS/MS was used for the analysis of the peptidome of. Drosophila samples. This combination greatly improves the sensitivity of detection. Starting from only 50 larval Drosophila CNS, 28 peptides were isolated and sequenced in an on-line quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer [27]. Later, two-dimensional capillary LC-ESI-MS/MS has enhanced the coverage of this peptidomics analysis with the identification of twenty additional peptides [31]. The CNS extract has been first fractionated onto a strong cation-exchange column then onto a reversed-phase column before ESI-MS/MS analysis. Recently this approach has been applied to Drosophila larvae hemolymph to identify new peptides induced by a septic injury [22]. Most of the identified molecules correspond to truncated forms or propeptides of known AMPs and DIMs [15,20,21], but two previously unknown peptide precursors, potentially involved in the innate immune response, have been also detected by this way. 

Proteolytic labeling has not yet been applied to peptidomic analysis, which is carried out in the absence of enzyme digestion. However, sample preparation under lsO-enriched conditions, allowing for the endogenous peptide pool... 

Traub F, Hess R, Schorn K, et al. (2006). Peptidomic analysis of breast cancer reveals a putative surrogate marker for estrogen receptor-negative carcinomas. Lab. Invest. 86 246-253. 

Hu, L., Ye, M., Jiang, X., Feng, S., Zou, H. (2007) Advances in Hyphenated Analytical Techniques for Shotgun Proteome and Peptidome Analysis - a Review. Anal. Chim. Acta 598 193-204. 

Biosensors and Modern Biospecific Analytical Techniques Analysis and Detection by Capillary Electrophoresis Proteomics and Peptidomics New Technology Platforms Elucidating Biology... 

Traditional biochemical techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC), gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis (CE), and mass spectrometry (MS) have been widely used for the complete analysis of salivary proteins and peptides. The recent advances in these technical approaches applied to peptidomics have allowed a better comprehensive analysis of peptides in human whole saliva, envisioning the identification of potential salivary biomarkers of oral and systemic diseases. Sample preparation is a critical experimental step for the successful identification of peptides using MS-based approaches, for their quantitation and identification of PTMs. 

The combination of top-down and bottom-up strategies on the salivary characterization presents the advantages of each one and relied on the identification of more than 2000 different peptides (5,27,35-37,40—42). From those, only about 30-40% identified peptides belong to the major salivary peptide classes referred in the preceding text, the remnant peptides originating from sources such as plasma, squamous cells, and crevicular fluid. Peptides of major classes are usually detected by LC-MS analysis, independently of intra- and interindividual variability. Indeed, a repertoire of 233 masses belonging to these naturally occurring peptides has been consistently detected by LC-ESI-MS analysis of the salivary peptidome (43). 

TABLE 1 Summary of the Main Findings Retrieved from the Analysis of Salivary Peptidome Under Distinct Pathophysiological... 

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