Peptidoglycan Fragments

SCHEME 14.4 Synthesis of a lipid IV analogue by Khane and coworkers. ADMB, 4-allyl-l,2-dimethoxybenzene DTBMP, 2,6-di-ferf-butyl-4-methylpyridine HATU, 0-(7-azabenzotriazole-l-yl)-iV,iV,iV, iV -tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate mCPBA, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid TCP, tetrachlorophthaloyl Teoc, 2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl. 

SCHEME 14.5 Synthesis of a peptidoglycan fragment by Mobashery and coworkers. Cbz, benzyloxycarbonyl DMM, dimethylmaleoyl. 

SCHEME 14.6 Synthesis of muramyl pentapeptide 48 with DAP residue by Boons et al. All, allyl Boc, fert-butoxycarbonyl HOBt, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. 

SCHEME 14.7 Synthesis of peptidoglycan fragments by Fukase and coworkers. COD, 1,5-cyclooctadiene. 

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Geert-Jan Boons et al. also synthesized peptidoglycan fragments such as the disaccharide repeating unit [51] and muramyl peptide derivatives containing Lys and DAP residues [52-55] obtained through cross olefin metathesis [56], The muramyl peptides, such as 48 prepared by solid-phase synthesis on Sieber amide resin (Scheme 14.6), were subjected to biological and structural analyses [50, 57, 58] of... 

In periodontitis, bacterial cells that no longer survive in the gingival sulcus leave peptidoglycan fragments that may be absorbed into the cytosol of surrounding host cells. Within host cells, peptidoglycan fragments may either be toxic or cause a release of inflammatory mediators (Sect. 13.4.1). 

A peptidoglycan complex, possessing a linear, non-crosslinked structure composed of disaccharide-pentapeptide units, has been isolated from a penicillin-treated mutant of Brevibacterium divaricatum requiring biotin for growth.The peptidoglycan fragments appear to be synthesized after incubation of the cells with penicillin. 

Differential recognition of Gram-positive and -negative synthetic peptidoglycan fragments by Toll Like receptor 2... 

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