People initial reaction

Over and over I heard people express the same feelings as Jackj a long-term sufferer of manic depression, who recounted his initial reaction to drugs ... 

Approved clinical investigations follow three phases. In Phase 1, about 100 to 200 people are exposed to the drug to determine the tolerance, absorption, excretion, half-life, and other pharmacologic reactions the preferred route of administration and the safe dosage. In Phase 2, initial trials are conducted on 500 to 1000 patients to assess the treatment or prevention of the specific disease. Additional animal studies to indicate safety may be conducted concurrently. If these preliminary studies demonstrate sufficient promise. Phase 3 clinical trials are performed with several thousand patients. 

Benzodiazepines comprise a category of drugs that include Ativan, Klonopin, Valium, and Xanax. Though initially effective in reducing anxiety, these medications can become addictive. It is generally advised that people use benzodiazepines to interrupt dramatic episodes of anxiety, such as a panic reaction, but that these medications not be used over extended periods of time. 

The introductory example may be reworked using the Gamma distribution, since the special case given there is n = 1. Let c(x, 0) = Cogn( ) where C0 is the total initial concentration. Let the first order rate constant be k(x) = kx and make time dimensionless as kt. This reaction time or intensity of reaction—severity of reaction as the oil people have it—is really the Dam-kohler number, Da, for the reactor, with t the time of reaction if it is a batch reactor or the residence time if a PFTR. Thus... 

Indeed, the initial description of phenylketonuria in 1934 was made by observing the reaction of phenylpyruvate with FeCl3, which turns the urine olive green. Almost all untreated phenylketonurics are severely mentally retarded. In fact, about 1% of patients in mental institutions have phenylketonuria. The brain weight of these people is below normal, myelination of their nerves is defective, and their reflexes are hyperactive. The life expectancy of untreated phenylketonurics is drastically shortened. Half are dead by age 20 and three-quarters by age 30. The biochemical basis of their mental retardation is an enigma. 

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