Pentanols esterification with

The rate enhancement for the esterification of benzoic acid with methanol was close to 100, when compared with the classical heating under reflux. On the other hand, the rate enhancement for the esterification with n-pentanol, using the same power level (560 W) was only 1.3. The approximate reaction temperature was almost the same for the two alcohols (134 °C and 137 °C respectively). It should be noted, however, that the rate enhancement for the esterification in pentanol increased to 6 times when a higher power level (630 W) was used, the reaction temperature being higher (162 °C). 

Reaction of 1-pentanol with propionic acid provides 1-pentyl propionate [624-54-4] a new coatings solvent for automotive refinish and OEM paints, apphances, and for higher-solids systems (37). The esterification of 1-pentanol with formic acid to 1-pentyl formate [638-49-3] is conducted by concomitant removal of by-product water by a2eotropic distillation with diethyl ether (38). 

Microemulsion media can be adopted for biotransformations lipases have been used and large difference in rates of esterification, e.g. I-pentanol vs 2-pentanol with oleic acid, have been observed (Stamatis et al., 1993). 

The difference between reactivity of alcohols agrees with the results of Fraenkel-Conrat and Olcott (1945) and Halpin and Richardson (1985) who found that methanol was most reactive as an esterifying agent followed by ethanol and then -butanol. Mattarella et al. (1983) found that in methanol the esterification reaction progressed quicker than in ethanol, while there was no evidence for esterification in propanol, butanol or pentanol even after one-week reaction time. The reason for such a difference according to the alcohols used is due to their different polarity and structural hindrance, which is especially evident in isopropanol. 

The neutral phosphonate esters, D(EB)[(EB)P], D(4-MPe-2)[BP], D(4-MPe-2)[(iB)P] and D(4-MPe-2)[PP] were prepared by the Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction in which alkyl halides were reacted with previously prepared trialkyl phosphites. The neutral phosphate, T(4-MPe-2)P, was prepared by a conventional esterification method in which 4-methyl-2-pentanol was reacted with POCI3 in the presence of pyridine. The temperature during the reaction was kept below 15°C to prevent disproportionation of the alkyl group. The neutral phosphinate ester, B[DBP], was prepared by esterification of dibutyl phosphorus oxychloride, (C Hg)2P0C1, in the presence of pyridine. 

The GC separation of enantiomeric d- and L-amino acids with non-chiral phases needs their conversion into diastereomeric derivatives. The second chiral center in the molecule [asterisk ( ) in Fig. 8] arises after their (9-esterification by stereochemically pure alcohols [(/ )- or (5)-2-butanol, 2-pentanol, pinacolol, menthol, etc.] or acylation of NH2 groups by chiral reagents, e.g., a-methoxy-a-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride [MTPAC (III)], A-trifluoroacetyl-L-prolyl chloride [A-TFA-L-Pro-Cl (IV)], or the corresponding anhydride V-trifluoroacetylthiazolidine-4-carbonyl chloride (V). 

In 2004, Jiang, et al. studied the esterification of n-pentanol with benzoic add using Al-pillared clay (PILC) supported 5042" /Ti02 superacid catalyst (Fang et al., 2010), and find that it is known that the generation of super acid sites in the system of 5042 /MJDy solid superacid is necessarily promoted by the sulfur of the metal oxides, the more acid sites formed, the higher catalytic activity exhibited. Therefore, Al-PILC carrier can effectively enhance the catalytic activity. 

Ester synthesis from 1-pentanol and 2-, 3-, or 4-methylpentanoic acid was also investigated with these PEG-lipases [81]. Although PEG-lipase from P. fluorescens could only catalyze the esterification of 4-methylpentanoic acid with 1-pentanol as shown in Table 10, PEG-lipase from C. cylindracea catalyzed the esterification of these substituted carboxylic acids with I-pentanol. In particular, esterification of 2-methylpentanoic acid... 

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