Pentanol toxicity

In 1996 the present writer offered the students a study of the 1-butanol/1-pentanol/cyclohexanol mixture using Scheffe s plan (mixture plan) which used a standard experimental matrix offered by LUMIERE software. The substance choice takes into account the limited possibilities of the Setaflash apparatus, the low toxicity of the chosen substances and their reciprocal chemical inertia. These had been... 

Pentanole, 4-Oxo-5-phenyl-1.1.1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl- ElOa. 42 (Toxicity)... 

The majority of characterized solvates are stoichiometric, with either water or organic solvents present in a Lxed ratio with the drug molecules. Glibenclamide was isolated as two nonsolvated polymorphs, a pentanol solvate, and a toluene solvate (Suleiman and Najib, 1989). Furosemide could form solvates with dimethylformamide or dioxane (Matsuda and Tatsumi, 1989). Haleblian and McCrone (1969) studied the solid forms of steroids, and found different dissolution rates for two monohydrates of Luprednisolone, a monoethanol and hemiacetone solvate of prednisolone and two monoethanolates and a hemichloroform solvate of hydrocortisone. Other solvents that have been reported to form solvates with drugs include methyl ethyl ketone, propanol, hexane, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, and pyridine. The potential toxicity concerns eliminate most of these from consideration as practical mechanisms of solubility enhancement for human therapeutics. 

Pentanol, CH3(CH2)3CH2OH Amyl alcohol liquid bp, 138°C irritant, causes headache and nausea low vapor pressure and low water solubility reduce toxicity hazard... 

Different forms of alpha 2u-globulin in male and female rat urine. Eur J Biochem 134, 175-181. Wilke, A. V., Dorman, D. C., and Borghoff, S. J. (1993). Alpha2u-globulin (alpha2u) and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol (TMP-2-OH) toxicity in proximal tubule cells. The Toxicologist 13, 439. 

While these considerations have greatly narrowed the list of possible replacements, a large number of candidate antifreeze agents still exist. As an illustration of the methods that could be used, we will consider only two compounds here propylene glycol, which is very similar to ethylene glycol but is much less toxic, and n-pentanol, which is toxic to animals and humans. However, since it has a bitter rather than a sweet taste, it is unlikely that lethal amounts would be ingested ... 

Caution Commercial amyl alcohol is considerably more toxic than ethyl alcohol. See also 1 -Pentanol and Isopentyl Alcohol. 

Human Toxicity Moderately irritating to mucous membranes. Narcotic in high concns. See also 1 -Pentanol therap CAT Hypnotic. 

Madarasz, A.J. (1997) A 14-day toxicity study of 2,3,4-trimethyl-3-pentanol in the rat via dietary administration. Unpublished report to the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, USA. Submitted to WHO by the International Organization of the Flavor Industry, Brussels, Belgium. 

Alcohol consumption increases toxic effects. The measures on this card also apply to most isomers and mixtures, except 2-2-dimethyl butanol and 4-methyl-2-pentanol. 

Amyl alcohol Amyl alcohol (pentanol) produces anaemia and toxic effects on the liver and kidneys, reflecting a tendency to increased systemic toxicity as the molecular weight of the alcohol increases. 

If CH3CO2H or a salt of it is warmed with H2SO4 and a small amount of an alcohol, the characteristic pungent and fiagiant odor of the comesponding ester is obtained. Pentanol is often used because of the well-known banana-like odor of the ester, pentyl acetate ( amyf acetate). Both the alcohol and the ester, however, are toxic. 

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