2- Pentanol, 5-nitro

The reduction of ketones containing nitro groups to nitro alcohols is best carried out by borohydrides. 5-Nitro-2-pentanone was converted to 5-nitro-2-pentanol in 86.6% yield by reduction with sodium borohydride at 20-25°. Other nitro ketones gave 48.5-98.7% yields, usually higher than were obtained by Meerwein-Ponruiorf reduction [907]. 2-Acetamido-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-l-hydroxypropan-3-one was reduced with calcium borohydride at — 30° to 70% of threo- and 10% of er7tAro-2-acetamido-3-(p-nitrophenyl)propane-l,3-diol while sodium borohydride afforded a mixture of the above isomers in 25% and 47% yields, respectively [902]. 

N 11.96% liq, fr p 13-14°, bp 146-51°, d 0J9494 at 20°, nD 1,409 at 30° obtd with other products by treating l-nitro-.2-methyl-1-propane with methyl-Mg-iodide in ether at 0—10°, by action of NaOH on 3-nittor2,2,4-trimethyl- 4-pentanol, or by nitration of neopentane at 410° in the vapor phase (Refs 2,... 

The enzyme activity is significantly inhibited by Tiron and 8-hydroxyquinoline, but not by a,a -dipyridyl and o-phenanthroline. The addition of thiol compounds such as cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol and glutathione, and thiol inhibitors such as p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide and HgCl2 also markedly decreases the enzyme activity. The Michaelis constants of the enzyme are as follows 2-nitropropane (2.13 x 10-2M), nitroethane (2.43 x 10-2M), 3-nitro-2-pentanol (6.8 x 10 3M), 1-nitropropane (2.56 x 10-2 M) and oxygen (3.63 x 10 4M with 2-nitropropane)199. ... 

The key starting compound is the mono nitro derivative of calix[4]arene 4, which was obtained via a single-step reaction with 10 equivalents of 63% HNO3 in a mixture of dichloromethane and glacial acetic acid in less than 5 min in 94% yield according to the literature method. Compound 4 converted to bisphthalonitrile derivative 5 by the given method in 59% yield. Ball-type ZnPc 6 was prepared from 5 and zinc acetate in 1-pentanol in the presence of DBU. Hexanuclear ball-type ZnPc 8 was obtained by the reaction of 6 with 7 in a mixture of NaOH, MeOH, THF, and activated zinc powder with a yield of 55%. 

Pentanol l,l-Difluor-4,4-dimethyl-2-nitro- E19d, 615 (Nitronat-t-R-CHO)... 

Butyl-3,3-dimethyl-2.6-dioxo-EI4a/2, 306 (Keten + Imin) 3-Pentanol 4-Methyl-4-nitro-l-phenyl- E16d, 216 (CH-N02 + R-CHO)... 

The reaction is most useful for the preparation of olefinic, halo, and nitro alcohols from the corresponding substituted aldehydes and ketones. These substituents ate very often affected by other reduction procedures. Excellent directions are found in the preparations of crotyl alcohol (60%), l-bromo-5-hexanol (64%), l-chloco-4-pentanol (76%), /S,/S,/S-trichloroethyl alcohol (84%), methyl-p-chlorophenylcarbinol (81%), and o-nitrobenzyl alcohol (90%). The reaction has also been used in the preparation of certain tetralols and decalols as well as 9-fluo-renylcarbinol (50%). The thiophene and furan nuclei are not reduced. 

S-Nitro-2-pentanone MeZi[Pg.147]

Athyl-thiomorphoIin-l-diozyd 27 H 5. C,H N0, 3-Nitro-2.methyt-pentanol-(4) 1,110. 

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