Pentachloronitrobenzene, reductive

Tas DO, SG Pavlostathis (2005) Microbial reductive transformation of pentachloronitrobenzene under metha-nogenic conditions. Environ Sci Technol 39 8264-8272. 

Okutman-Tas D, Pavlostathis SG (2007) The influence of iron reduction on the reductive biotransformation of pentachloronitrobenzene. Eur J Soil Biol 43 264—275... 

Such reductions may result in loss or diminution of the harmful effects as microorganisms convert the broad-spectrum poison 2,4-dinitrophenol to 2-amino-4-and 4-amino-2-nitrophenol, the fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene to penta-chloroaniline, and the insecticide Parathion to aminoparathion. 

Fig. 16.9 Change in first-order rate constant k for the reduction of CgCl NO as a result of varying goethite content in media with 473 iM Fe(II) and 200mM NaCl (pH 6.96). Error bars to indicate 95% confidence intervals would be smaller than symbols. Reprinted with permission from Klupinski TP, Chin YP, Traina S J (2004) Abiotic degradation of pentachloronitrobenzene by Fe(II) Reactions on goethite and iron oxide nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 38 4353-4360. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society...

It is of great importance to know the biological degradability of pesticides [86], as studied, for instance, in the biotransformation reactions of pentachlorobenzene-based fungicides. In another study [87], the biotransformation reactions of pentachloronitrobenzene with hexachlorobenzene are compared. The mechanism of reduction denitrification is discussed by the same authors elsewhere [88]. Similar studies are presented in the papers [89, 90]. 

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is another example of a nitroaromatic agrochemical that is known to undergo facile reduction in anaerobic systems. PCNB has been identified as a pollutant in river water and groundwater (Fushiwaki et al., 1990). Reduction of PCNB results in the formation of pentachloroaniline, which is fairly resistant to further transformation pathways (Wang and Broadbent, 1973 Kuhn and Suflita, 1989a) (Equation 3.23). 

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