Penicillium islandicum Sopp

Finally, two toxic, isomeric indole alkaloids of unknown structure have been isolated from a toxigenic fungus identified as Penicillium islandicum Sopp., found on freshly dug green peanuts. ... 

A crystal structure of astin B (285) has been reported (Fig. 37) [133]. The solid state conformation exhibits one cis peptide bond between Abu and Pro . This structural feature is the main difference between the solid state structures of the astins, cyclochlorotine [142] and islanditoxin. ) The latter two compounds are toxic metabolites of yellow rice mold, Penicillium islandicum Sopp., whose occurrence on a variety of foodstuffs constitutes a human health hazard. In cyclochlorotine, only the astin Abu residue is replaced with serine, yet the molecule adopts a stable type I P-turn conformation with a trans proline amide bond and a transannular hydrogen bond [142]. 

Howard BH, Raistrick H (1954) Studies in the Biochemistry of Micro-Organisms. 91. The Colouring Matters of Penicillium islandicum Sopp. Part 3. Skyrin and Flavoskyrin. Biochem J 56 56... 

Ogihara Y, Kobayashi N, Shibata S (1968) Further Studies on the Bianthraquinones of Penicillium islandicum Sopp. Tetrahedron Lett 15 1881... 

Kawai K, Kato T, Mrai H, Kitamura J, Nozawa Y (1984) A Comparative Study on Cytotoxicities and Biochemical Properties of Anthraquinone Mycotoxins Emodin and Skyrin from Penicillium islandicum Sopp. Toxicol Lett 20 155... 

Mori S, Kawai K, Nozawa Y, Ogihara Y (1998) The Redox Reaction and Biotransformatirai of Rubroskyrin, a Modified bis-Anthraquinone from Penicillium islandicum Sopp. Nat Toxins 6 85... 

Franck, B. The biosynthesis of ergochromes. In The Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins (P. S. Steyn ed.), pp. 157-191. Academic Press, New York 1980 Leistner, E. Biosynthesis of plant quinones. In The Biochemistry of Plants, Vol. 7, Secondary Plant Products (E. E. Conn, ed.), pp. 403-423. Academic Press, New York 1981 Sankawa, U. The biosynthesis of anthraquinoid mycotoxins from Penicillium islandicum Sopp and related fungi. In The Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins (P. S. Steyn, ed.),pp. 357-394. Academic Press, New York 1980... 

Takeda N, Seo S, Ogihara Y, Sankawa U, litaka I, Kitagawa I, Shibata S (1973) Studies on fungal metabolites -XXXI. Anthraquinoid colouring matters of Penicillium islandicum Sopp and some other fungi (-)-luteoskyrin, (-)-rubroskyrin, (+)-rugulosin and their related compounds. Tetrahedron 29 3703-3719... 

Seo, S., U. Sankawa, Y. Ogihara, Y. Iitaka, and S. Shibata Structure of (-)-Flavoskyrin, a Colouring Matter of Penicillium islandicum Sopp NRRL 1175. Tetrahedron Letters 1972, 735. 

Gatenbeck, S. Incorporation of 14C-acetate into the phenolic substances of Penicillium islandicum Sopp. Acta Chem. Scand. 12, 1985 (1958). 

Another tetramic acid, erythroskyrine, is one of three mycotoxins produced by Penicillium islandicum Sopp. The acute toxicity and pathological changes effected by this orange red metabolite were described by Ueno et al. (1975). It is a hepatotoxin, but its role in the carcinogenesis of mice and rats fed with P. islandicum-moXdQd rice is still obscure. 

The Biosynthesis of Anthraquinonoid My cotoxins from Penicillium islandicum Sopp and Related Fungi... 

Penicillium islandicum Sopp was first isolated in 1912 from Skyr, a kind of yogurt produced in Iceland (Sopp, 1912). Pigments which were subsequently isolated from this fungus were named after the domestic name of... 

Feeding Experiments in Penicillium islandicum Sopp NRRL 1036... 

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