Pelletier, Joseph

The first problem was solved in 1820 when the French chemist Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) and his associate Joseph-Bienaime Caventou found a way to extract quinine from cinchona... 

Figure 2. Some alkaloids isolated by pharmaceutists Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Beiname Caventou during 1817-1821. They did not know the exact structures. Their compounds thus isolated are combinations of alkaloids rather than one pure alkaloid.

Some alkaloids isolated by pharmaceutists Pierre Joseph Pelletier and... 

Bertrand Pelletier, 1761-1797. French chemist and pharmacist who investigated the arsenates, phosphates, and phosphides of many metals, studied the action of phosphorus on platinum, and devised new methods for making soap and refining metal for clocks. He served as inspector of the hospitals m Belgium. His son, Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842), and Joseph Caventou discovered quinine, cmehomne, strychnine, and brucine. See also ref. (89). 

Delepine, Marcel, Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou, J. Chem. Educ,... 

Toluene is a clear, flammable, aromatic hydrocarbon liquid with a smell similar to benzene. It is also called methylbenzene, indicating that a methyl group has been added to one of benzenes carbon atoms. Toluene was first isolated by Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788—1842) and Philippe Walter (1810—1847) in 1837. The name toluene comes from the South American tree Toluifera balsamum. Henri-Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville (1818—1881) isolated toluene from the tree s gum, Tolu balsam, in 1841. 

Pelletier, Huguette Sawaya, Michael R. Kumar, Amalendra Wilson, Samuel H. and Kraut, Joseph (1994). Structures of Ternary Complexes of Rat DNA Polymerase Beta, a DNA Template Primer and ddCTP. Science 264 1891. 

Caffeine was first studied scientifically by two French chemists, Joseph Bienaime Caventou (1795-1877) and Pierre Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842), who were very interested in the chemical properties of the alkaloids. Between 1817... 

French chemists Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) and Joseph-Bienaime Caventou (1795-1877) first isolated chlorophyll in 1817. In 1865, German botanist Julius von Sachs (1832-1897) demonstrated that chlorophyll is responsible for photosynthetic reactions that take place within the cells of leaves. In the early 1900s, Russian chemist Mikhail Tsvett (1872-1920) developed a technique known as chromatography to separate different forms of chlorophyll from each other. In 1929, the German chemist Hans Fischer (1881-... 

French chemists Joseph Bienaime Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier successfully extract caffeine, quinine, strychnine, brucine, chinchonine, and chlorophyll from a variety of plants. 

French chemist Pierre Joseph Pelletier discovers toluene. 

In 1835, Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) discovered thebeine, the main alkaloid of Papaverbracteatum. 

In 1834, codeine was isolated from opium by Pierre Jean Robiquet (1780-1840). One year later, Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) and M. Thiboumery discovered thebaine (named after the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes). In 1848, at the University of Giessen, papaverine was extracted from poppy waste by Georg Merck (1825-1873), the son of Heinrich Emanuel Merck. In 1870, Augustus Matthiessen (1831-1870) and Charles R. A. Wright (1844-1894) recognised that codeine is the monomethyl ether of morphine. After the selective methylation of morphine for the preparation of codeine had failed, Felix Hoffmann (1868-1946) tried out in 1897 a selective acetylation, in analogy to the synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid. [91]... 

Already in 1820, the chemist Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) and the pharmacist Joseph Bienaime Caventou (1795-1877) were able to isolate in pure form quinine as the active principle of Cinchona bark by extraction with alcohol. [439] Three years later, the pharmacist Friedrich Koch (1786-1865) established in the city of Oppenheim (upper Rhine region) a viable industrial production process for this alkaloid. 

Jean Jacques Colin (Riom, Puy de Dome, 16 December 1784-Lavaine, Puy de Dome, 9 March 1865), who collaborated with Robiquet, was professor in Dijon and the St.-Cyr Military Academy. He published on fermentation, vegetable colours, etc. Pierre Joseph Pelletier (Paris 22 March 1788-19 July 1842), second son of Bertrand Pelletier (see Vol. Ill, p. 566), was a Paris apothecary who taught in the ficole de Pharmacie. Jean Bienaime Caventou (St. Omer, 30 June 1795-Paris, 5 May 1877), a Paris apothecary and professor of toxicology in the ficole de Pharmacie, also worked on calculi. ... 

Hydroquinone (p-dihydroxybenzene) was first produced by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Jean Caventou in 1820, by dry distillation of quinic add. The structure was elucidated by Friedrich Wohler in 1844. 

In 1818-1820, Pierre J. Pelletier (France 1788-1842) and Joseph Caventou (France 1795-1877) isolated a poisonous compound from Saint... 

Strychinine was the first alkaloid isolated by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaime Caventou in 1818, from the plants of the Strychnos genus. The structure was first determined in 1946 by Sir Robert Robinson, and in 1954 it was synthesized by Robert B. Woodward [9]. This is one of the most famous synthesis in the history of organic chemistry. Strychnine is a very well known compound, due to its powerful poisonous activity. Moreover, one of the most famous non-natural indole alkaloid derivatives is lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which was synthesized in 1938 by Albert Hofmann. LSD was a popular psychedelic drug in the 1960s and 1970s. 

Fig. 7.5 French stamp commemorating the discovery of quinine by Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou, the chemists who first isolated and named chlorophyll...

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