Pediculicides, pyrethrins

RID Pediculicide Shampoo Pyrethrin 0.3%, piperonyl butoxide 3% [60, 120,240 nl.] Apply to the infected and adjacent hairy area atxl washed off after 10 minutes OTC... 

Pediculicides (head lice) Permethrin 1% Nix Instructions for use vary consult product labeling. Avoid contact with eyes. Comb out nits. Linens, pajamas, combs, and brushes should be washed daily until the infestation is eliminated. For pyrethrin products, retreat in 7-10 days to kill any newly hatched nits. Permethrin products have residual effects for up to 10 days therefore, reapplication is not required unless live nits are visible 7 days or more after the initial treatment. 

Head louse infestations periodically cause disruptions at schools aii over the world. The treatment with pyrethrins and PBO is relatively cheap, and effective. The most common formulations contain either 0.15% or 0,3% pyrethrins synergized with 3.0% PBO formulated into non foaming shampoos (water- based pm-sized emulsions) that are applied directly to the affected area and repeated after i week to kill any newly hatched lice. The pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacy of synergized pyrethrins arc enhanced in shampoo formulations as a result of the surface-tension-lowering action of the formulation and are preferable to direct applications of lotions. 

Pediculosis caused by Pediculus capitis, the human head louse, is the most prevalent parasitic infestation of humans worldwide, especially among school children of 3-12 years old (7). More Uian 6-12 million people in the United States (US) are estimated to have pediculosis. Synq>toms of infestations are relatively mild, but the social, mental and economic consequences are substantial. Pediculosis is not widely tolerated in the US and is repeatedly treated by a variety of over-the-counter pediculicides, which are exclusively limited to those containing pyrethrin or permetfarin as active ingredients. Because these pediculicides share a common mechanism of action on the voltage-sensitive sodium channel in the nervous system of insects (2), dieir repetitive and continued use has imposed a high pressure for the selection of resistant louse populations. 

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