Peak-value height

Note We can first calculate the Cn for the simple case of a waveform of unity height (alternatively its peak-to-peak value). Then the cn for a waveform with a height of A (alternatively of peak-to-peak value A ) will simply be A times the previous Cn. 

Note When using a math crib-sheet to help in an expansion for a certain power supply waveform, we can avoid mistakes if we first scale the math function given in the book to unity peak-to-peak value (or unity height as desired). Then we can change its form of expression, from angles to time as discussed. Thereafter, we can multiply all the Cn s by the actual peak-to-peak value (or height) of our power supply waveform. 

Simulated ac polarograms with noise levels from 0 to 80 % were smoothed. Here noise level means the peak-to-peak value of the noise divided by the peak height (=1) of the ac polarogram. 

The wave energy is relatively large in summer, the peak value of frequency spectrum is 1.00 mVHz, peak-period corresponds to 8 s, and it means the wave has the characteristic of big wave height and short wave period. 

The frequency spectrum peak value in spring, autumn and winter are all below 0.02 mV Hz, corresponding spectrum peak period between 11 13 s, and it means the wave has the characteristic of small wave height and long wave period. 

From an analysis of cross-correlation PIV, Olsen and Adrian [7] found that for light-sheet PIV, the width of the correlation peak Aso, taken as the diameter of the Gaussian function measured at a height of l/e times the peak value, can be expressed as... 

Liquid water contents are dependent on the cloud type, cloud base temperature, and height above cloud base. In stratiform clouds, the values are comparatively low, usually 0.1 g m . In cumulus clouds, typical peak values are 0.5 g m , which increase with increasing cloud intensity to more than 3 g m for severe thunderstorms. (As the cloud base temperature increases, a cloud of a given type tends to have a higher liquid water content, increasing with height from cloud base to near cloud top and then falling abruptly to zero at cloud top.)... 

The effect of decreasing equilibrium constant, K, is the shift of the current-potential curves for the reduction process to more negative potentials along with decreasing the peak current height (cf. Fig. 35). A kinetic DPP peak (responding to the reduction of free metal ions) is always small (in comparison to the reduction peak of the parent metal complex). The peak current ratio Ip+/Ip of the metal complex tends to be 1.29. The positive/negative peak separation is nearly 10 mV which is the same value as the peak amplitude AE. This exactly fits the criterion for a CrevE mechanism in DPP. 

Fig. 9. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at the HMDE of samples of double-helical and thermally denatured DNAs at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Medium 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.1. Voltage scan rate of 1.0 V/s, waiting time at the initial potential Uj was 60 s. (A) Voltammograms upper curves, samples of thermally denatured DNA, lower curves, samples of double-helical DNA initial potentials Uj are indicated in the lower parts of individual panels. (B) Dependence of LSV peak III height of the sample of double-helical (o) and thermally denatured (d) DNAs on initial potential Ej. In this article the value of x (see top curve at LFj = -0.4 V in the panel A) was taken to represent the height of LSV peak III.

To identify characteristic values of j/, such as the boundary layer thickness, one must consider the flow fleld profiles near the wall. To that end the flow fleld was time-averaged along lines of = constant, using the last 3625 cycles of the calculation t = 16 to 592 ms). Examples of the mean-flow profiles in the wall jet re on are shown in Fig. 7. The mean velocity profiles (Fig. 7a) do indeed resemble those expected for a wall jet the stream-wise velocities reach a peak value of about 5.3 km/s in the jet and decay to a value of about 3.5 km/s far above the wall. Mean density profiles are shown in Fig. 7b. The fluidized bed was compressed somewhat (p 65 mg/cm ) by the Mach stem shock. The profiles converge at a height of z 2.15. As... 

The calculated boundary layer thickness grew to a peak value of 6 jRa 0.009, at a distance well behind the DMR structure. No simple analytic relation could be found for the boundary layer height rather, the calculated curve SjR, = /(x) in Fig. 16 is recommended. The turbulent mixing widths and the mean-flow profiles are probably accurate, but data are needed, especially to check the rms profiles. 

The symbols have the same identity as before while ip is the peak current and A the electrode area. It may be noted that the value of the constant varies slightly from one text or publication to another. This is because, as mentioned previously, the derivation of peak current height is performed numerically. 

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