Patterned grafting

Capila I, Linhardt RJ (2002) Heparin-protein interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 41 391 12 Carmeliet P (2003) Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med 9 653-660 Chen CP, Imanishi Y, Ito Y (1998) Effect of protein and cell behavior on pattern-grafted thermoresponsive polymer. J Biomed Mater Res 42 38-44 Cheng XH, Canavan HE, Stein MJ et al (2005) Surface chemical and mechanical properties of plasma-polymerized N-isopropylacrylamide. Langmuir 21 7833-7841 Curti PS, de Moura MR, Veiga W et al (2005) Characterization of PNIPAAm photografted on PET and PS surfaces. Appl Surf Sci 245 223-233... 

Kim DK, Choi YM, Jung CH, Kwon HI, Choi JH, Nho YC, et al. Patterned grafting of acrylic acid onto polymer substrates. Polym Adv Technol 2009 20(3) 173—7. 

Benzophenone (BP) is a photoinitiator that can be employed in a number of ways for the preparation of patterned graft polymers. BP can be directly used as an initiator for radical polymerization, either via immobilization of BP on the surface or by adding BP to the monomer solution (Figures 3.9A and 3.9B). Another possibility is to synthesize initiators modified with BP, which can then be immobilized on surfaces using UV light (Figure 3.9C). Yet another alternative is to add BP to the initiator solution for BP-mediated attachment of the initiator to the surface (Figure 3.9D). 

Various initiator strategies for growing polymer brushes rely on the use of (UV) light for immobilization, activation, or deactivation. Combination with lithographic exposure tools to obtain patterns appears to be straightforward in many cases. However, standard photolithographic equipment is often not compatible with polymeric substrates and with the chemical environment used for the involved reactions. Development of specialized equipment is therefore required to fully exploit patterned grafting techniques on polymer surfaces. 

Fig. 19 Processes involved for patterned grafting of PS-PCEMA-PAA nanotubes onto glass plates...

Fig. 20 Fluorescence microscopic (left) and AFM (right) images of the surface of a glass plate after the patterned grafting of the PS630-PCEMA125-PAA135 nanotuhes...

Chen, G., Imanishi, Y, Ito, Y. (1998). Effect of protein and cell behavior on pattern-grafted thermoresponsive polymer. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 42, 38-44. 

The correct choice of solvents is essential to the success of radiation-induced graft copolymerization. Their influence on radiation grafting has been the subject of many studies. It has been established that solvents play an important role in grafting because of the significance of polymer swelling. The grafting patterns to PP are solvent-dependent, thus, it is essential to examine the role of solvents. It was found that grafting in the alcohol is better than when other polar solvents such as dimethyl-... 

Patterning of Hyperbranched Polyfacrylic Acid)-Derived Grafts... 

Scheme 2 Photolithographic process for preparing patterned hyperbranched grafts of poly(acrylic acid)...

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