Pathological skin

Kuwae K, Matsumoto-Miyai K, Yoshida S, et al. Epidermal expression of serine protease, neuropsin (KLK8) in normal and pathological skin samples. Mol Pathol 2002 55 235-241. 

There is substantial history regarding the application of conventional vibrational spectroscopy methods to study the intact surface of skin, the extracted stratum corneum and the ceramide-cholesterol-fatty acid mixtures that constitute the primary lipid components of the barrier. The complexity of the barrier and the multiple phases formed by the interactions of the barrier components have begun to reveal the role of each of these substances in barrier structure and stability. The use of bulk phase IR to monitor lipid phase behavior and protein secondary structures in the epidermis, as well as in stratum corneum models, is also well established 24-28 In addition, in vivo and ex vivo attenuated total reflectance (ATR) techniques have examined the outer layers of skin to probe hydration levels, drug delivery and percutaneous absorption at a macroscopic level.29-32 Both mid-IR and near-IR spectroscopy have been used to differentiate pathological skin samples.33,34 The above studies, and many others too numerous to mention, lend confidence to the fact that the extension to IR imaging will produce useful results. 

ELECTRON AND PROTON PROBE DATA FROM PATHOLOGICAL SKIN... 

Particle probe analysis and, in particular, proton probe analysis, which is sensitive to trace element levels in tissue sections have been demonstrated to reveal important details about cellular physiology in the differentiating epidermis of normal and pathological skin. Such a physiological approach will serve to complement data from other techniques. A future collective approach of this kind will make it possible to understand how a dry and eczematous skin develops and also what the mechanisms of subsequent healing are. 

Pallon, J. et al., Pixe analysis of pathological skin with special reference to psoriasis and atopic dry skin, Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand), 42, 111, 1996. 

Grice, K.A. (1980) Transepidermal water loss in pathologic skin, in The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Skin, Jarrett, A., Ed., Academic Press, London, pp. 2147-21555. 

A number of investigators have utilized the technique of reflectance spectroscopy to characterize human skin in vivo [57-60]. In particular, the technique has been extensively used for ascertaining the extent of skin hydration, both in pathological skin conditions and in the evaluation of moisturizing treatments (see later). 

K2. Kaku, H., Igarashi, Y., and Fujita, S., Cytokinetic analjfsis of the human skin in vivo in normal and pathologic skin conditions a H thymidine autoradiographic study. Arch. Histol. Jap. 24, 457 (1964). 

Cerio R, Spaull J, Oliver GF, et al. A study of factor Xllla and MAC387 immunolabeling in normal and pathological skin. Am ] Dermatopathol. 1990 12 221-233. 

Kashibuchi, N., Hirai, Y., O Goshi, K., and Tagami, H. (2002). Three-dimensional analyses of individual comeocytes with atomic force microscope morphological changes related to age, location and to the pathologic skin conditions. Skin Res. TechnoL, 8 203-211. 

C. Frances, L. Robert, Elastin and elastic fibers in normal and pathologic skin, Int. J. Dermatol. 23 (1984) 166-179. 

Pathological skin picking is characterized by repetitive compulsive picking of the skin, causing tissue damage. In a 12-week doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine as monotherapy with doses of 12.5-300 mg/day in 32 subjects, the incidence and severity of adverse experiences... 

Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Chamberlain SR, Kim SW. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for pathological skin picking treatment efficacy and neu-rocpgnitive predictors of response. J Clin Psydiopharmacol 2010 30(4) 396-403. 

Power of Six Powder Paints to Cause Irritations and Allergies of the Skin INRS, Dept, of Occupational Pathology, France, May 1979. 

Histopathology shows T-cell pathology and T-cell activation in acute reaction and in skin test... 

Petrali, John P., Tracey A. Hamilton, Betty J. Benton, Dana R. Anderson, Wesley Holmes, Robert K. Kan, Christina P. Tompkins, and Radharaman Ray. "Dimethyl Sulfoxide Accelerates Mustard Gas-Induced Skin Pathology." Journal of Medical CBR Defense 3 (2005) (www.jmedcbr.org). 

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