Pathological adaption

Drackley, J.K., M. Heather, G. Dann, N. Douglas, N.A. Janovick Guretzky, N.B. Litherland, J.P. Underwood, and J.J. Loor, 2005. Physiological and pathological adaptations in dairy cows that may increase susceptibility to periparturient diseases and disorders. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 4, 323-344. 

Calpains. Table 1 Examples of pathological conditions that have been associated to the calpains (Adapted from Goll et al.)... 

Adapted, with permission, from Robbins SL, Cotram RS, Kumar V The Pathologic Basis of Disease, 3rd ed. Saunders, 1984. 

Ketosis, a metabohc adaptation to starvation, is exacerbated in pathologic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and ruminant ketosis. 

Pain can be divided into two broad categories acute and chronic or persistent pain. Acute pain is also referred to as adaptive pain since it serves to protect the individual from further injury or promote healing.17 However, chronic pain has been called maladaptive, a pathologic function of the nervous system or pain as a disease. 

Despommier, D.D. (1975) Adaptive changes in muscle fibers infected with Trichinella spiralis. American Journal of Pathology 78, 477-496. 

Figure 16.1 Montage of images, after immunostaining of peptides. The antibody clones for these analytes are D07 (p53), 9C2 (HER2), 1D5 (ER), and 636 (PR). The peptides were spotted in duplicate, adjacent to each other. The left-hand column ( Not Fixed ) illustrates stained peptide spots that were not fixed, representing a baseline condition. The middle column was fixed in formalin and not antigen retrieved. The peptides for p53 and HER2 lost immunoreactivity whereas the peptides for ER and PR continued to be immunoreactive. The right-hand column of peptide spots were both formalin fixed and antigen retrieved. Adapted with permission from Reference 16, 2004 American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Figure 16.6 Schematic molecular model accounting for the loss and subsequent recovery of immunoreactivity after formalin fixation and antigen retrieval. Adapted from Reference 15, 2006 American Society for Clinical Pathology.

In the course of studies on other pathological amino acidurias, the accompanying peptiduria has also been observed by many authors. Rapp de Eston et al. (R2) observed a marked increase in the excretion of both free amino acids and peptides in patients with diffuse hepatic necrosis. Using a simplified chromatographic method adapted to clinical purposes and suitable for analysis of amino acids excreted with urine, Skarzynski et al. (S5) demonstrated a raised level of a certain peptide which is always present in normal urine in smaller quantities, as well as the appearance of some new peptides in cases of jaundice and liver cirrhosis. Some abnormal peptide spots were also detected on the chromatograms in cases of progressive muscular dystrophy (K4) and in patients irradiated with X-rays (S2). 

Corley RA, Crissman JW, Redmond JM, et al Adaptive metabolic and pathologic changes following chronic inhalation of propylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats and mice. Occup Hyg 2(l-6) 319-328, 1996... 

G. Daculsi, J.M. Bouler, R.Z. Legeros, Adaptative crystal formation in normal and pathological calcifications in synthetic calcium phosphate and related biomaterials, Int. Rev. Cytol. 172 (1997) 129-191. 

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