Part B Fundamental Flow Measurement

Early emphasis in turbulence research was on the statistical analysis and description of turbulent flow fields. Theoretical advances in the field have been complemented by experiments that included pressure measurements and by the point measurement technique of hot wire anemometry (HWA). The intrusive nature of this latter technique has precluded its use in some experiments, whereas in others, corrections have been introduced to the measurement results. 

Optical diagnostic techniques are desirable for fluid flow measurements due to their nonintrusive nature. Soon after the invention of the laser in the 1960s, the technique of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) was developed. During the last three decades, the LDA technique has witnessed significant advancements. Three-component fiber optic-based LDA systems with frequency-domain signal 

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