Parke-Davis, firm

Developed as an animal tranquilizer by Parke-Davis Co., a pharmaceutical firm in Detroit, it is now manufactured legally only by Bio-Ceutics, a firm in St. Joseph, Missouri. The drug is not prescribed for human beings because the range between effective and toxic doses is narrow. 

Meyers, A. I. Knaus, G. Kamata, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 268. While Albert I. Meyers was an assistant professor at Wayne State University, neighboring pharmaceutical firm Parke-Davis (Drs. George Moersch and Harry Crooks) donated several kilograms of (IS, 2S)-(+)-2-amino-l-phenyl-1,3-propanediol (Meyers referred to it as the Parke-Davis diol), from which his chemistry with chiral oxazolines began. Meyers is currently Professor Emeritus at Colorado State University. 

The smaller European companies evolved by concentrating on their home markets and European ones, and the Japanese likewise focused on their home market and other East Asian ones. These European and Japanese firms often licensed products from and had alliances with U.S. core companies and startup entrepreneurial firms, just as the American competitors did with European and Japanese pharmaceutical companies. Two of the Japanese companies developed from centuries-old roots. Indeed, Takeda began in 1781, and Shionogi nearly a century later in 1871. The third, Sankyo, was formed in the late nineteenth century as Japan began to industrialize and trade with Western nations. In 1898, Parke Davis penetrated Japan, employing Sankyo as its local marketer. The fourth firm, Yamanouchi, was the youngest, established in 1923. ... 

Ortho Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Johnson Johnson, has had an ongoing contraceptive R D program. Eight companies that have discontinued Such R D are Syntex, Searle, Parke-Davis, Merck, Upjohn, Mead Johnson, Wyeth-Ayerst, and Eli Lilly (207). Wyeth-Ayerst, a subsidiary of American Home products, has renewed its contraceptive R D program in recent years, focusing on new forms of oral contraceptives (8,25 1). In addition, a relatively new, small firm, Gynco-Pharma, currently markets a copper IUD. Non-U.S. firms as well as universities and nonprofit foundations also carry on R D on new forms of birth control (207). 

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