Parasitoid-derived

C/2 C/2 3 Family Parasitoid Host Stage" Endo or Ecto Teratocytes Parasitoid Derived Viruses Venoms Tissue Secretions References ... 

Definitive indication of transcription of parasitoid-derived viruses in the host has thus far eluded researchers. Parasitism by congregata induced synthesis of new hemolymph proteins in the... 

Although insect predators and parasitoids are carnivorous by definition, they often also feed on plant-derived foods. This vegetarian side to their diet includes various... 

Defense is a further category in which plants employ food rewards to acquire protection by arthropod mutualists. The provision of food sources allows plants to recruit or sustain predators or parasitoids, which, in turn, can provide protection against herbivory. The plant-derived food structures involved in indirect defensive interaction can be divided in two main groups food bodies and extrafloral nectaries. 

Plant-derived compounds such as (3Z)-hexenyl acetate, (3Z)-hexen-l-ol, (2 )-hexenal, (31 )-hexenal, 4-methyl-3-heptanol, (llZ)-hexadecenal, (9Z)-hexadecenal, and (7Z)-hexadecenal are used by parasitoids to locate the host habitat (Elzen et al., 1984 Kennedy, 1984 Turlings et al., 1991 Wickremasighe and Emden, 1992). (2E)-Hexenal was strongly inhibitory to tomato seed germination at concentrations as low as 6.9 pM (Bradow and Connick, 1990). 

Parasitoids and predators of many of these bark beetles are attracted to the monoterpenes and derived substances. In this way, these insects locate their insect hosts (Wood, 1982). 

Pickett JA, Smiley DWM, Woodcock CM (1999) Secondary metabolites in plant-insect interactions dynamic systems of induced and adaptive responses. Adv Bot Res 30 91-115 Pickett JA, Rasmussen HB, Woodcock CM, Matihes W, Napier JA (2003) Plant stress signalling understanding and exploiting plant-plant interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 31 123 127 Pope TW, Kissen R, Grant M, Pickett JA, Rossiter JA, Powell G (2008) Comparative iimate responses of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae to alken glucosinolate derived isothiocyanates, nitriles, and epithionitriles. J Chem Ecol 34 1302-1310... 

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