Parallel Scaling

MPR-6 large-volume rotor (Fig. 3.8) Dedicated for parallel scale-up, this rotor comes with six segments for 270 mL PTFE-TFM vessels. Reactions can be performed on a 15-140 mL scale at operation limits of 200 °C up to 10 bar. 

SO that in the Cartesian (x,y) plane the function U2 lies along the x axis, the function Ui along the line y= 1 and the function /2 along the line y= Vi. These lines form three parallel scales with which to obtain a value of 4, given the pair (Ui,U2). 

The value path approach (Schilling et al., 1983) is one of the most efficient ways to demonstrate the trade-offs among the criteria obtained by the different solutions. The display consists of a set of parallel scales one for each criterion, on which is drawn the value path for each of the solution alternative. Value paths have proven to be an effective way to present the trade-offs in problems wifh more fhan two objectives. The value assigned to each solution on a particular axis is that solution s value for the appropriate objective divided by the best solution for that objective. The minimum value will be one if all fhe objectives were to minimize. Following are some properties of the value path approach (Schilling et al., 1983) ... 

In the third plant design we consider the influence of parallel scale-up on the economy of the process. Instead of one large extruder reactor with a screw diameter of 200 mm, eight kneaders with a diameter of 100 mm are used in parallel to improve the heat transfer. 

The calculations are based on a relatively low production capacity of 5000t/year. For highly exothermic reactions large capacities can only be achieved by parallel scale-up. For a continuously operated solution polymerization, however, scale-up can be achieved by an increase of size. This leads to the conclusion that above a certain production volume the economic advantage of reactive extrusion will decrease with increasing scale. 

Structure sensitivity is the other factor that affects the intercept, <, which is clearly demonstrated by the offset between the parallel scaling lines for each adsorbate in Figure 1.3. Although structure sensitivity plays an important role in catalysis, its effect on the scaling behavior of adsorbates is not discussed here and the interested reader is referred to the detailed tutorial review by Prof. Norskov instead. ... 

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