PAPS 3 -phosphoadenosine

NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance mV, millivolt pCMB, p hloromercuribenzoate pCMS, p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate PMS, phenazine methosulfate EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetate SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate TTFA, 2-thenoyltriflu-oroacetone ETP, submitochondrial (electron transfer) particles MVH, reduced methyl viologen DEAE-cellulose, diethylaminoethyl cellulose succ, succinate APS, adenosine S -phosphosulfate PAPS, 3 -phosphoadenosine 5 -phosphosulfate. Other abbreviations are standard [see JBC 244, 2 (1969)]. 

Note Abbreviations NADPH, [Lnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced from NAD, [Lnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide PAPS, 3 -phosphoadenosine 5 -phosphosulfate UDPGA, uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid. 

Inorganic sulfur in the environment (primarily sulfate, but also sulfur, and sulfite) must undergo fixation to be ulitized by organisms. The fixation of sulfate is largely confined to plants and bacteria. Fixation begins with the formation of PAPS (3 -phosphoadenosine-5 -phosphosulfate) (see here). PAPS is formed in a two-step reaction from sulfate ion and two molecules of ATP (see here). 

When cysteine is degraded, the nitrogen is converted to urea, the carbons to pyruvate, and the sulfur to sulfate, which has two potential fates (see Fig. 39.7 see also Chapter 43). Sulfate generation, in an aqueous media, is essentially generating sulfuric acid, and both the acid and sulfate need to be disposed of in the urine. Sulfate is also used in most cells to generate an activated form of sulfate known as PAPS (3 -phosphoadenosine 5 -phosphosulfate), which is used as a sulfate donor in modifying carbohydrates or amino acids in various structures (glycosaminoglycans) and proteins in the body. 

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