Papaver bracteatum cell culture

Table 1. Thebaine accumulation in Papaver bracteatum cell cultures...

Codeine, 14-hydroxycodeine, neopine, and O-methylflavinantine have been isolated from Papaver bracteatum,146 flavinantine and amurine from Meconopsis cambrica,113 isosinoacutine from Stephania elegans,174 and a new alkaloid, tridictyophylline, for which the structure (96) was determined by X-ray crystallography, from Triclisia dictyophylla.175 Bound morphine, codeine, and thebaine have been found in P. bracteatum and P. somniferum,176 and the effect of the period of maturation of the plants on the yield of these three alkaloids from P. somniferum has been studied.177,178 Codeine has been isolated from cell suspension cultures of P. somniferum under conditions where no morphine, norcodeine, or thebaine could be detected.179... 

In addition, sanguinarine has been isolated from cell cultures of Papaver bracteatum. 

IRAN MIN Science. US 4114-314. 22-02-1977-US-770307 (19-09-1978). Fermentative production of thebaine by culture of cells from Papaver bracteatum Lindl. Population Arya II on revised tobacco medium supplemented with agar. 

While a differentiated plant (Papaver bracteatum) containing considerable quantities of protoberberine derivatives did not show any enzyme activity, cultured cells of Ma-cleaya microcarpa yielded a cell-free system catalysing the conversion of (R,S)-reticu-line into scoulerine of unknown stereochemistry (Rink and Bohm 1975). The enzyme was purified 7-fold and roughly characterized. Enzyme assays were carried out by using a N-1 CH3-labelled substrate and subsequent TLC-chromatography of the... 

Analysis of extracts obtained with cell cultures derived hom Papaver bracteatum and Papaver somniferum revealed the occurrence of thebaine in the former, of thebaine, codeine, and to a lesser extent of morphine in the latter material (Tables 1,2). Considering the many attempts to demonstrate morphinan alkaloids in cell cultures which remained unsuccessful and unreported, detection of occurrence would have been described until quite recently as a rare phenomenon. The availability of a radioimmunoassay and other improved analytical systems would explain the surge of reports of accumulation since 1980. According to recent analyses, concentrations of morphinan alkaloids are as low or lower than in leaf tissue (0.14% DW), and much lower than in dried latex, opium (ca. 20% DW). 

Tam WHJ, Constabel F, Kurz WGW (1980) Codeine from cell suspension cultures of Papaver somniferum. Phytochemistry 18 486-487 White PR (1963) The cultivation of animal and plant cells. Ronald Press, New York Yamamoto H, Ishida M, Tomimoro T (1981) Studies on the fundamental cultures of Coptis japonica voi. faponica. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 35 1-8 Zenk MH, Deus B (1982) Natural product synthesis by plant ceU cultures. Plant tissue culture 1982. Proc 5th Int Congr Plant Tissue CeU Culture, pp 391-392 Zito SW, Staba EJ (1982) Thebaine from root cultures of Papaver bracteatum. Planta Med 45 53-54... 

---