Panning apparatus

Trog, m. trough vat tank pan hod. -apparat, m. trough apparatus, specif. (Elec.) trough battery, -batterle,/. trough battery. 

Most of the instruments, commonly used in an analytical laboratory, such as UV-Spectrophoto-meter, IR-Spectrophotometer, single—pan electric balance, pH-meter, turbidimeter and nephelometer, polarimeter, refractometer and the like must be calibrated duly, before use so as to eliminate any possible errors. In the same manner all apparatus, namely pipettes, burettes, volumetric flasks, thermometers, weights etc., must be calibrated duly, and the necessary corrections incorporated to the original measurements. 

To investigate the internal plasticization of polystyrene (Tg = 105 C) by insertion of methyl acrylate (Tg = 4°C),the samples are run on a DSC.Therefore, approximately 15 mg of each of the well dried polymers are weighed into small aluminum pans and measured by two heat-cool runs in a DSC apparatus.The glass transition is found as a characteristic jump in the heat capacity in the system.The glass transition temperature is evaluated after the second heating from the DSC plot. 

Unfortunately, most of Kitaibel s work was never published, but his manuscripts preserved at the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest show that he was an ingenious designer of chemical apparatus, such as a salt-evaporating pan which utilized the heat of the fuel gas on the countercurrent principle a device for the saturation of mineral water with carbon dioxide apparatuses for vacuum filtration and for the distillation of water and an improved lime kiln and brick kiln (12). 

The apparatus shown in Fig. 3, consisting of a 2-1. three-neckcd round-bottomed flask fitted with an efficient stirrer (Note 1), a gas inlet tube, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser is assembled in a ventilated hood. Bubbler tubes containing benzene are attached to the gas inlet tube and the top of the reflux condenser, and 500 ml. of dry benzene and 196 g. (2 moles) of maleic anhydride (Note 2) are placed in the flask. Stirring is begun, the flask is heated with a pan of hot water, and butadiene is introduced (from a commercial cylinder controlled by a needle valve) at a rapid rate (0.6-0.8 1. per minute). When the temperature of the solution has reached 50° (within 3-5 minutes) the pan of water is removed. The exothermic reaction causes the temperature to reach 70-75° in 15-25 minutes. The rapid stream of butadiene is nearly completely absorbed for 30-40 minutes, after which the rate is decreased until the reaction is completed (equal rates of bubbling in the two bubbler tubes) after 2-2.5 hours. The solution is poured into a 1-1. beaker at once to avoid crystallization of the product in the reaction flask. The beaker is covered and the mixture is kept at 0 5° overnight. 

A description of the annexed woodcuts—Figs. 511 to 514—will show the most approved form of apparatus hi use at the present day. Fig. 511 is a transverse section of two decomposing pans, A, A, formed of enst-iron, weighing about five tons each, and suitably set in brickwork, so qb to allow the bottom and sides to be... 

The following is the method cf producing salt cake with the nee of the apparatus described. The pan, A, is first heated to- a suitable temperature, and the... 

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