Panicle inflorescence

The flower morphology is that of a panicle (- inflorescence), like in ->oats. Besides the many applications of r. in the kitchen, it also is used for noodle and malt production. R. seed contains 77% - starch, 8% protein, 0.5% fiber, 1.5% oil and 13% water. Polishing of r. results in r. bran, which contains several useftil products - r. bran oil, r. wax and protein meal. 

The leaves are simple, spiral and 4-7 cm X 5-8 mm. The blades of basal leaves are ellipticat and the cauline ones are linear-lanceolate. The inflorescence consists of numerous umbels spreading to form a large, loose panicle. The flowers are bright yellow. The achenes are oblong, brown, and prominently ribbed (Fig. 18). 

Panicle A compound inflorescence, in which the secondary branches are themselves racemose on a raceme. 

The inflorescence is an erect panicle foliated to the tip. The flowers consist of narrow, red, pink, or whitish yellow petals, which are curved and located far back in the mature flowers to facilitate wind pollination. The fruit is red-brown to brown, and oval. It is angular, about 10.2 to 7.8 mm wide and usually has scarious wings. The nutlet is 6 to 10 mm long and 7 mm in diameter. 

PANICLE.—An inflorescence of which the first branches themselves branch, the outside flowers of each branch being the first to open. 

Lilac (Syringa vulgare) is native to southeastern Europe, but is widely cultivated throughout the United States and much of southern Canada as an ornamental, flowering shrub. Lilac shrubs produce large, branched inflorescences, referred to as panicles, in early spring. The flowers are purple or white, and have a characteristic aroma. Lilac has escaped form cultivation and be-... 

The raceme, corymb, umbel, etc., are frequently compounded. The compound raceme, or raceme with branched pedicels, is called a panicle. Examples Yucca and paniculate inflorescence of the Oat. 

Panicles branched several times, either racemosely or cymosely. When both racemose- (main branching) and cymose (ultimate branching) occurs together, the inflorescence is called mixed or a thyrse. 

Description Herbaceous annual with a taproot. Stems 20-100 cm tall, pubescent. Leaves ovate-rhomboid, apex obtuse. Inflorescence a dense panicle bracts lanceolate. Flowers unisexual. Pistillate flowers with 5 tepals and 3 stigmas. Staminate flowers at top of inflorescence tepals 5, stamens 3-5. Seeds shiny black, lenticular, contained in circumscissile utricles. 

Description Herbaceous annual or biennial, 30-90 cm tall, covered with long, white, raised hairs. Stems single or multiple, erect, branched. Lower stem leaves petiolate, tripartite-pinnatisect, 3-7 cm long cauUne leaves sessile, tripartite. Inflorescences 3-5-flowered capitula in panicles. Disk flowers yellow, punctate glandular ray flowers absent. Fruits obo-vate achenes, 2-2.25 mm long, olive-colored. 

Description Herbaceous annual or biennial plant with a thin vertical root. Stems single or few, 30-90 cm tall. Basal leaves petiolate, bi- or tripinnatisect, segments linear-lanceolate, apex acute middle cauline leaves smaller, sessile, segments narrow, linear upper cauline leaves deeply tri-lobed or entire. Inflorescences small capitula with 10-12 flowers, in a wide, nodding panicle involucral bracts brownish or pink-violet. Disc flowers yellow ray flowers absent. Fruits achenes, ca 0.6 mm long, ovate, flat with narrow ribs. 

Description Herbaceous perennial, with rhizomes. Stems 30-70 cm tall. Leaves in whorls of 4,4.5-5.S cm long, 0.7-0.8 cm wide, elongate-lanceolate, 3-nerved. Inflorescence a dense, many-flowered, terminal panicle. Flowers small, white. Corolla rotate, 4-lobed. Fruits bristly nutlets. 

Description Herbaceous perennial, with branched rhizomes. Stems 30-125 cm tall, thin. Leaves in whorls of 8-12, narrow, linear, 1 cm long, 0.5-3 mm wide, 1-nerved, apex acute, margins sometimes recurved. Inflorescence a long, dense-flowered panicle. Flowers bright-yellow. Corolla rotate, 4-lobed. Fruits 2-parted. 

Description Perennial subshrub. Stems up to 100 cm tall, bases woody, white-hairy. Leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, 2-7 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, bi-pinnatipartite. Inflorescences verticillasters, found in loose panicles bracts lanceolate-linear. Calyx around 4.5 mm long, tubular-campanulate, 2-lipped, violet, often densely hairy. Corolla violet, funnelform, 2-lipped upper lip 4-lobed, middle 2 lobes smaller lower lip entire. Fruits smooth, brown nutlets. 

Description Herbaceous perennial, with taproot and horizontal rhizomes. Stems 0.5-2 m taU, prostrate or climbing, 4-sided, with curved prickles. Leaves in whorls of 4 or 6, up to 9 cm long, up to 3 cm wide, narrow-ovate, apex acute. Inflorescences spreading complex panicles. Flowers small. Corollas yellow, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Fruits berry-like, juicy, black with 2 hemispherical seeds. 

Description Herbaceous perennial, with taproot. Stems few, erect, 20-150 cm taU, 4-sided, hairy, branched, upper portions glandular. Leaves opposite, simple, 7-30 cm long, 3-22 cm wide, rugose, ovate or oblong-ovate, margins unevenly dentate. Inflorescences verticillasters in panicles. Bracts round-ovate, 1-3 cm long, often whitish with red-purple tips. Calyx tubular, 2-lipped, upper lip 3-lobed, lower lip 2-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped, pink, lilac or white. Fruits are ellipsoid nutlets, brown, 2-3 mm long. 

The inflorescence of flax is a panicle or a hanging bunch. The flower is self-pollinating with five petals, five-petal calyx and five-petal corona. The colour of the flower varies in different cultivars from white to different shades of blue. Five crochet-shaped, 2-5 mm stamens are joined at the bottom. The pistil is composed of a five-chamber ovary and five free necks, on top of each forming club-shaped stigma [3]. 

Figure 1 Life cycle of Neotyphodium coenophialum, the endophyte of tall fescue. A Viable seed of the grass host contains viable mycelium of the fungal endophyte. At this stage it may be quite toxic to herbivores. B The seed germinates and the fungus begins to grow intercellularly into the stem of the plant. C Stems of the mature plant are completely colonized. When the plant forms an inflorescence, mycelium of the endophyte moves up the culm, into the panicle, and eventually into maturing ovaries, where the cycle is complete...

There are many variations of these two main types of inflorescence. For example some plants, such as sunflowers, have a head called a capitulum, others are called umbels, e.g. carrots and parsley while oats and many grass species have panicles. 

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