Palladium catalysis reviews

Rennard and Kokes (39) in their paper stated directly that their purpose was just to study the catalytic activity of palladium hydride in the hydrogenation of olefins, in this case ethylene and propylene. Kokes (39a) in his article recently published in Catalysis Reviews summarizes the results of studies on such catalytic systems. 

For a review of the use of palladium catalysis in heterocycle synthesis, with a good summary of the authors work, see Sakamoto, T. Kondo, Y. Yamanaka, H. Heterocycles 1988,27,2225-49. 

Ellman used silyl chemistry for the direct linkage of aromatics onto the solid support by converting an aryl bromide to aryl lithium and reacting this with a silyl resin.90 It is the production of the silyl resin that is of interest in the context of this review, since an in situ Suzuki coupling was used to link the allyl silane to bromomethyl polystyrene resin (Scheme 40). 9-BBN is used to carry out the regioselective hydroboration, and this is linked to the resin with palladium catalysis in the usual way. After brief exposure of this... 

Palladium Catalysis for the Treatment of Contaminated Waters A Review... 

For all of these bond formations the right choice of catalyst is crucial for success. In other words by ligand tuning all three bond forming reactions can be realized by palladium catalysis. The following account focuses on recent work, since the subject has been already reviewed [1],... 

A.S.C. (2002) Chemical Reviews, 102, 3385. For a recent review of solid-phase reactions using palladium catalysts, see (a) Uozumi, Y. and Hayashi, T. (2002) Solid-phase palladium catalysis for high-throughput organic synthesis, in Handbook of Combinatorial Chemistry (eds K.C. Nicolaou, R. Hanko and W. Hartwig), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Chapter 19, pp. 531-584. 

This ring may be built by the formation of a new C—C bond between alkyne and halogen functions, a reaction which is assisted by palladium dichloride-triphenylphosphtne (reviews of palladium catalysis [IMI, 3069, 3505] in the presence of piperidine (as base) and formic acid (to remove hydride ion). The reaction is regio- and stereo-selective. Replacement of the piperidine and formic acid by R-substituted tributyltin enables the R group to be transferred to the indole stereospectfically [3448]. 

For a review of the use of palladium catalysis in heterocycle synthesis, with a good summary... 

The use of palladium catalysis to synthesize aromatic heterocydes has been reviewed in a number of recent publications [1], As such, rather than a complete discussion of this large field, the thrust of this review will be to highlight general examples of how palladium catalysis has become used in heterocyde synthesis. This will focus on routes that direcdy assemble the aromatic heterocyclic core, rather than their subsequent functionalization or the use of palladium to assemble precursors for traditional cydocondensations, and on processes that involve generation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. 

The combination of water and an organic nitrile as the solvent system (aqueous bipha-sic system, ABS) permits one to separate the catalyst in the water solution, coordinated to a water-soluble phosphine, TPPTS, the trisodium salt of trisulfonated triphenylphos-phine.f" The groups of Sinou and Genet have studied this strategyy. " ° " ° Allylic carbonates are quite stable to the potentially hydrolytic conditions since the reactions occur in neutral medium and only traces of base are generated in the catalytic cycle. Organic-aqueous phase palladium catalysis has been reviewed extensively. 

Af-Heterocyclic carbenes and phosphine ligands can bind metal centers in a somewhat similar feshion via dative coordination using a lone pair of electrons. Therefore, phosphines are often considered to be the closest neighbors to NHCs in terms of organometallic chemistry. However, the properties of these two classes of compounds can be quite different, and can yield, for example, catalysts with quite different reactivity. The use of NHCs in olefin metathesis [25] and in palladium catalysis [26], for example, has allowed the preparation of highly active and stable species that are now at the forefront of their fields. Various studies have been conducted to explore the nature of bonding between NHCs and metal centers. Diez-Gonzalez and Nolan reviewed some aspects of NHC coordination to metal centers in 2007 [27]. 

TOO Beletskaya, I.P. and Cheprakov, A.V. (2000) The Heck reaction as a sharpening stone of palladium catalysis. Chemical Reviews, 100, 3009. 

The catalytic applications of Moiseev s giant cationic palladium clusters have extensively been reviewed by Finke et al. [167], In a recent review chapter we have outlined the potential of surfactant-stabilized nanocolloids in the different fields of catalysis [53]. Our three-step precursor concept for the manufacture of heterogeneous egg-shell - nanocatalysts catalysts based on surfactant-stabilized organosols or hydrosols was developed in the 1990s [173-177] and has been fully elaborated in recent time as a standard procedure for the manufacture of egg-shell - nanometal catalysts, namely for the preparation of high-performance fuel cell catalysts. For details consult the following Refs. [53,181,387]. 

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