Paleoclimate Changes

1 Changes in the Recharge Season Possible Amplification of the Temperature Change Recorded by the Noble Gases 

Effects of this nature should be borne in mind when addressing an inconsistency between reconstructed oceanic and continental temperatures, as pointed out by Stute et al. (1995a). The authors reported a temperature decrease of about 5°C during the last glacial maximum, as recorded by noble gases in groundwaters at several locations in temperate countries, whereas the corresponding temperature decrease of the ocean surface was 

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During colder climates the snow lines were lower, in extreme cases by up to 1000m, as mentioned in section 13.8.3. This influenced 

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The concentration of rough-disperse particles with r > 0.14 pm constituted about 0.5 cm" These particles contribute most to the aerosol mass. Undoubtedly, they are driven from remote regions. Covering the surface, these particles form aerosol insertions into polar ice. Their long-term concentration variations can serve as indicators of paleoclimate changes. 

Ding ZL, Sun JM, Yang SL, Lin TS (2001) Geochemistry of the Phocene red clay formation in the Chinese Loess Platean and imphcations for its origin, source provenance and paleoclimate change. Geochim Cosmochem Acta 65 901-913... 

Xie, S., Yi, Y., Huang, J., Hu, C., Cai, Y., Collins, M. Baker, A. (2003) Lipid distribution in a subtropical southern China stalagmite as a record of soil ecosystem response to paleoclimate change. Quaternary Research 60, 340-347. 

Zhu, C., Waddell, R.K. Jr., Star, I., and Ostrander, M., 1998. Responses of ground-water in the Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona, to paleoclimate changes during late Pleistocene and Holocene. Geology, v. 26, pp. 27-130. 

Baker, A., Genty, D., and Smart, P. (1998). High-resolution records of soil humification and paleoclimate change from variations in speleothem luminescence excitation and emission wavelengths. Geology, 26(10), 903-906. 

There are a number of light stable isotope measurements that provide very important data in the study of paleoclimates to better understand and interpret anthropogenic contributions to present-day climate change (Fritz and Fontes 1980). These measurements involve the determination of carbon and oxygen isotopes in fresh-... 

It should be added that in order to understand the physical laws governing present and future climates, studies of paleoclimate are also important, especially of sudden short-term changes. The intensive development of space-borne remote sensing has not provided adequate global information about the diagnostics of the climate system because the way the existing system of space-borne and conventional observation works remains far from optimal. 

Studies of the paleoclimate, especially of sudden short-term changes (Kukla, 2000), are important to understand the laws of the present climate and climate prediction. 

Mazor, E. (1993b) Interrelations between groundwater dating, paleoclimate and paleohydrology. In Applications of Isotope Techniques in the Study of Past and Current Environmental Changes in the Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere, IAEA, Vienna, 249-257. 

Measurement of oxygen isotopic variations in coral heads up to 500 yr old has to be counted among the great success of the geochemical approach to paleoclimate research (Figure 2). These records have become important paleocli-matic archives of tropical climate change, and they... 

Because the species composition of grasslands is observed to change systematically with environmental parameters such as temperature, the study also suggested that phytolith assemblages from prehistoric grasslands could be used to reconstmct paleoclimate conditions. 

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