P and T Effect on Phase Stability

Surface tension of liquid water is very important to our daily life. Small insects such as the water strider can walk and glide on water because their weight is not enough to penetrate the surface skin. If carefully placed on the surface, a small 

The temperature dependence of surface energy density, follows the temperature dependence of surface tension and Young s modulus [17, 18]  

The relative changes of the surface energetics in the surface molecular layer to the bulk values at 0 K (y and yy) measured at T can be derived as follows  

Hydrogen bond relaxes under the coupling of multiple fields and responses independently. Cooling in liquid and solid phase effect the same to water under compression to shortens the 0 H nonbond and lengthen s the H-O bond. Molecular undercoordination effects the same to the cooling transition from water to ice, which shortens the H-O bond and lengthens the 0 H nonbond. 

Medcraft, D. McNaughton, C.D. Thompson, D.R.T. Appadoo, S. Bauerecker, E.G. Robertson, Water ice nanoparticles size and temperature effects on the mid-infrared spectrum. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15(10), 3630-3639 (2013) 

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