Oxygenated carbon, halogenation

For compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen halogens and sulphur. If the compound to be analysed contains sulphur in addition to the elements considered above, then oxides of sulphur will be formed, and a new... 

Carbon-oxygen and carbon-halogen bonds are polar covalent bonds and carbon bears a partial positive charge in alcohols ( " C—0 ) and in alkyl halides ( " C—X ) Alcohols and alkyl halides are polar molecules The dipole moments of methanol and chloromethane are very similar to each other and to water... 

Relatively simple notions of attractive forces between opposite charges are suffi cient to account for many of the properties of chemical substances You will find it help ful to keep the polarity of carbon-oxygen and carbon-halogen bonds m mind as we develop the properties of alcohols and alkyl halides m later sections... 

These are arranged alphabetically according to the atom attached to the ring carbon, halogen, nitrogen (amino, nitro, etc.), oxygen (alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, phosphoryloxy, sulfonyloxy, etc.), and... 

Patterson, D. E., et al., Thermochemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond in a Carbon-Halogen-Oxygen and/or Sulfur Atmospheric Hot-Wall Reactor, in Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials, (Y. Tzeng, et al., eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 569-576 (1991)... 

Double bonds having oxygen and halogen substituents are susceptible to epoxi-dation, and the reactive epoxides that are generated serve as intermediates in some useful synthetic transformations in which the substituent migrates to the other carbon of the original double bond. Vinyl chlorides furnish haloepoxides that can rearrange to a-haloketones. 

CARBON-NITROGEN, CARBON-OXYGEN, CARBON-SULPHUR AND CARBON-HALOGEN BOND FORMATION... 

As assumed, the small and positive valne of H/D kinetic isotope effect may be used as a criterion for an electron-transfer pathway. For example, anion-radicals of a-benzoyl-co-haloalkanes can react in two routes (Kimura and Takamnkn 1994). The first ronte is the common one—an electron is transferred from the oxygen anion of the carbonyl gronp to a terminal halogen. The transfer provokes fission of the carbon-halogen bond. The second ronte is the S 2 reaction, leading to a cyclic product as shown in Scheme 2.37. 

Neptunium has an affinity for combining with nonmetals (as do all transuranic elements) such as oxygen, the halogens, sulfur, and carbon. 

Apart from the carbon-halogen bond, the carbon-oxygen one is rather active toward the reductive cleavage due to its polarity, so different types of compounds bearing a carbon-oxygen bond are able to undergo this reaction. 

In this section, we discuss processes in which cobalt-containing catalysts are employed for a variety of applications such as the reductions of molecular oxygen, carbon dioxide, and halogenated organic compounds as well as the oxidation of hydrazine. 

The unsaturated molecule Y may be carbon monoxide, an olefin, a conjugated diene, an acetylene, a carbonyl compound, various unsaturated carbon-nitrogen compounds, or probably any of several other unsaturated materials. The reactive part of the covalent metal compound is usually a metal-hydrogen, metal-carbon, metal-oxygen, metal-halogen, metal-nitrogen, or metal-metal group. This reaction... 

Reagents where a bond between a carbon atom of positive character and its electron withdrawing substituent is broken are classified as positive (+) and most frequently include a carbon-halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur bond. 

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