Oxygen-free drying environment

Dead bodies can be naturally mummified under a variety of environmental conditions, such as (1) at extremely low temperatures, about and below the freezing point of water, in extremely cold regions of the world (2) in very dry and hot environments, as in desert areas and in some caves and rock shelters or (3) under anaerobic (oxygen-free) conditions, as in bogs (see Chapter 8). 

All further manipulations from here on must be done in an oxygen-free environment (a < 1 ppm 02 dry box as monitored by a Vacuum Atmospheres 02 analyzer). Necessary items for the drybox experiments should be assembled before the next step of the synthesis. 

The reaction must be performed in a dry, oxygen-free environment although the product is not sensitive to air or moisture, the intermediate C5HJ is. Cyclopentadiene is added dropwise to a stirred slurry of KOH powder and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. A solution of FeCl2.4H20 in dimethyl sulphoxide (CH3)2SO is then added. The choice of solvents is determined by obvious considerations of solubility and miscibility, and chemical inertness towards the products and intermediates. Dimethyl sulphoxide is a fairly weakly-coordinating aprotic solvent, easily displaced by C5H from Fe(II). A mixture of aqueous HC1 and crushed ice is then added this neutralises the KOH (the ice absorbs the heat evolved) and causes the precipitation of ferrocene, which is (predictably) insoluble in water. The crude product is purified by sublimation. 

The oxidative binder samples of Estane/NP were placed in glass ampoules and flame sealed under argon. Tensile specimens were placed in metal aging chambers, evacuated and back filled with argon to provide a dry oxygen free environment. The samples were placed in aging ovens at 55, 65 and 75°C and removed periodically for analysis. 

In a typical experiment a dry, freshly prepared Au(lll)-(1 x 1) electrode modified with a BP4 monolayer was brought in contact with the electrolyte at = 0.0 V (vs. SCE) establishing a hanging meniscus configuration in an oxygen-free environment. Scanning the electrode potential in - 0.50 V < <... 

In this process, woody biomass is heated up in a nearly oxygen-free environment. Up to about 200 °C, drying occurs, followed at higher temperatures with pyrolytic decomposition of the organic compounds. Substantial Uquid and gaseous residues such as tar and carbon monoxide are released in the course of creating the final product, charcoal. 

All manipulations below must be carried out in an oxygen-free environment (a 1 ppm O2 dry box). The necessary items for the dry box experiments should be prepared and assembled before the synthesis is initiated. 

An airless enclosed vapor degreaser, where the environment is at ambient presstrre but does not contain atmospheric air (with oxygen and water), dries solvent from parts through vaporization into a solvent-free environment. 

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