Oxygen evolution reaction catalysts

Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts for Cell Reversal and Start/Stop Tolerance... 

Figure 4. Polarization curves of carbon corrosion and oxygen evolution reactions based on measured carbon corrosion kinetics for Pt/Vulcan and Pt/Graphitized-Vulcan and oxygen evolution kinetics for Pt/C catalysts. The upper horizontal dotted line denotes a current density equivalent to oxygen crossover through membrane from cathode to anode.

Kobussen et al. [281 285] have carried out a detailed study of the oxygen evolution reaction on La05Ba(lr)CoO3 principally in strongly alkaline solution. Following reaction order studies [282], impedance measurements [283, 286], and overpotential decay behavior studies [287], a modified Krasil -shchikov [288] mechanism was proposed for oxygen evolution on this oxide catalyst. The first three steps of this mechanism are similar to eqns. (52)-(55) written as equilibrium processes. An alternative to step reaction (54) was... 

This again shows that the Ir02 particles on the BDD surface act as a redox catalyst in the oxidation of organics. Such reaction is in competition with the side oxygen evolution reaction (pathway d). 

Other approaches have focused upon using non-precious metals and their oxides as alternatives to the platinum catalysts. For example, the mixed oxide catalysts of the binary and ternary alloys of noble metals and transition metals have been investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction in solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyzers. Binary, ternary, and quaternary platinum alloys with base metals of Cu, Ni, and Co have been used as electrocatalysts in liquid acid electrolyte cells. It was also reported that a R-Cu-Cr alloy displayed better activity to oxygen reduction than R and Pt-Cr in liquid electrolyte.The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of these types of alloys has been attributed to various factors, including the decrease of the nearest neighbor distance of platinum,the formation of Raney type... 

Surendranath Y, Kanan MW, Nocera DG (2010) Mechanistic studies of the oxygen evolution reaction by a cobalt-phosphate catalyst at neutral pH. J Am Chem Soc 132 16501-16509 McAlpin JG, Surendranath Y, Dinca M, Stich TA, Stoian SA, Casey WH, Nocera DG, Britt RD (2010) EPR evidence for Co(IV) species produced during waten oxidation at neutral pH. J Am Chem Soc 132 6882-6883... 

The motivation for studying the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on minute amounts of platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts stems from the necessity to add robusmess to the fuel cell (FC) catalysts during the so-called transient... 

Reier T, Oezaslan M, Strasser P (2012) Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on Ru, Ir, and Pt catalysts a comparative study of nanoparticles and bulk materials. ACS Catal 2 1765-1772... 

Until now, the methodology available to study charge transfer reactions at soft interfaces has been rather mature, and studies in the field have shifted to the study of catalyzed reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), or even oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Eor this, two classes of catalysts have been used (i) molecular catalysts and (ii) nanoparticle solid catalysts. These two approaches draw their inspiration from classical molecular catalysis and from electrocatalysis, respectively. 

Surendranath Y, Kanan MW, Nocera DG (2010) Mechanistic studies of the oxygen evolution reaction by a cobalt-phosphate catalyst at neutral pH. J Am Chem Soc 132 16501-16509... 

In addition to enhancing the presence of water at the anode through modifications to the anode structure, a PEM fitel cell can be made more tolerant to voltage reversal by incorporating an additional catalyst, a water electrolysis (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) catalyst, at the anode to promote the electrolysis of water [14-16, 18]. In this way, more of the current forced through the cell may be consumed by the electrolysis of water than by the oxidation of the anode components. In a reversal-tolerant fuel cell, the anode comprises a first catalyst composition for evolving protons from the fuel and a second catalyst composition for water electrolysis. 

Fabbri E, Habereder A, Waltar K et al (2014) Developments and perspectives of oxide-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. Catal Sci Technol 4 (11) 3800-3821. doi 10.1039/C4CY00669K... 

---