Oxygen developments

The pressure of oxygen developed by an intimate mixture of a pure metal and its oxide is conventionally referred to as the dissociation pressure (Po ) and it can be seen that at a given temperature T... 

Caron A process for extracting nickel and cobalt from lateritic ores by reductive roasting, followed by leaching with ammoniacal ammonium carbonate solution in the presence of oxygen. Developed by M. H. Caron at The Hague in the 1920s and used in Cuba (where the location of the mine is named Nicaro, after the metal and the inventor) and in Australia. 

Middox A process for delignifying wood pulp by the use of oxygen. Developed jointly by Air Products Chemicals, and Black Clawson Company. The process removes half of the lignin from the pulp, thereby halving the chlorine usage. 

OXYDEP An Activated Sludge process using pure oxygen. Developed by Air Products and Chemicals. 

In summary, cholesterol appears to play an important role in modifying membranes, at least the plasma membranes of animal cells, in temperature-compensatory manners. The significance of cholesterol in adaptation to temperature by animals raises several interesting evolutionary questions. Do the many taxa that lack cholesterol employ other types of molecules to achieve the sorts of adaptations effected by cholesterol in animal cells In view of the requirement for molecular oxygen for the synthesis of cholesterol, did the earliest cells, which evolved in the near absence of molecular oxygen, develop oxygen-independent synthetic pathways for producing lipids with cholesterol-like effects ... 

Many solvents can be spoiled during prolonged storage, which requires redistillation before use. For example, ethers exposed to oxygen develop peroxide contamination, and cyclic carbonates may decompose to derivatives of their mother glycols and C02. 

Leap A process for making vinyl acetate monomer. It uses a fluidized bed of a new catalyst in powder form the reactants are acetic acid, ethylene, and oxygen. Developed by BP Amoco and first operated in Hull, England, in 2001. The catalyst is a supported gold-palladium alloy made by... 

OXY+ A process for making a reducing gas mixture by the partial oxidation of natural gas, using oxygen. Developed by Midrex Technologies, Charlotte, NC, and commercialized in 2004 for use in the MTDRF,X process. 

The second line of evidence comes from the time trends of some atmospheric species, mainly CO, and oxygen. Developing the oxygen budget of the atmosphere, which contains some problematic terms, is beyond the scope of this chapter. Briefly, the global, lojig-term budgets for O2/N2 and CO2 can be written schematically as... 

Another process by Siemens is to electrolyse a solution of the double salt formed by treating antimony sulphide with sulph-hydrate of calcium, barium, strontium, or magnesium. Without the use of diaphragms, the hydrogen liberated at the cathode end combines with the sulphur of antimony sulphide, and the antimony is deposited, while at the same moment the sulph-hydrates of other metals are formed, to be in turn converted into disulphides by the oxygen developed in the reaction. 

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