Oxygen balance, of explosives

Detonation Velocity, Influence of Oxygen Balance of Explosives on. See under Detonation Velocity and Chemical Composition and Detonation Velocity as a function of Oxygen Balance and Heat of Formation. See also Table 8, underDETONATION (EXPLOSION AND DEFLAGRATION) VELOCITY... 

A positive oxygen balance markedly reduces the quantity of carbon monoxide formed. Assonov and Rossi [60] report the following results of experiments on the effect of the oxygen balance of explosives on the composition of the gaseous products of explosion (Table 99). 

Table 24. Oxygen balance of explosives and explosive components.

The oxygen balance of explosives is the excess or insuflhcient oxygen compared to that completely oxidizes carbon and hydrogen in the explosive to CO2 and H2O. If the explosive contains other combustible elements, such as aluminum, the calculation should be done based on that aluminum is completely oxidized to AI2O3. The oxygen balance (%) of explosive CaH O N can be calculated as the following ... 

According to the impact of oxygen balance of explosive on its explosion strength, the principle of zero oxygen balance should be usually followed during the formulation design of liquid explosive. 

Oxygen Balance of Common Explosives and Explosive Ingredients. 

Above 140°C its exothermic decomposition to metal and carbon dioxide readily becomes explosive [1], A 1 kg batch which had been thoroughly dried at 50°C exploded violently when mechanical grinding in an end-runner mill was attempted [2], Explosions have been experienced when drying the oxalate as low as 80°C [6], It is a compound of zero oxygen balance. The explosion temperature of the pure oxalate is lowered appreciably (from 143 to 122°C) by application of an electric field [3], The salt prepared from silver nitrate with excess of sodium oxalate is much less stable than that from excess nitrate [4], Decomposition at 125°C in glycerol prevents explosion in the preparation of silver powder [5],... 

Both tris(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)orthoformate and tetrakis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)-orthocar-bonate form powerfully explosive solutions in nitromethane. The oxygen balance of the esters are +154 and +182%, respectively. The compounds are Tetrakis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)orthocarbonate, 3132 Tris(2,2,2-trinitroethyl) orthoformate, 2786 See OXYGEN BALANCE, POLYNITROALKYL COMPOUNDS... 

Table 1.2 Oxygen balance of some primary, secondary and tertiary explosives.

Among various rubbery polymeric materials, a special polyester resin has been developed as a binder in view of its curing at ambient temperature, low viscosity (as a result of addition of vinyl monomers) without appreciable sedimentation of explosives. In addition, polyester resin has the greatest advantage of having an oxygen moiety in the skeleton which increases oxygen balance of the final sheet,... 

These powdery Dynamites were low-freezing and contained, besides NG/NGc and large amt of Na nitrate, a substantial amt of coated AN. One of the formulations contained less than 0.1% Collodion Cotton for reasons unknown to us. The quantity was not sufficient to serve as a gelatinizer. Oxygen balance of these explosives was near zero... 

The heat of explosion reaches a maximum for an oxygen balance of... 

During a chemical explosive reaction many equilibria take place. These equilibria are dependent on the oxygen balance of the system. The most important equilibria are presented in Reaction 6.1. 

Lothrop Handrick in an articIe(Ref 26a) discussing the relationship between performance and constitution of pure organic compounds included curves showing the relationship between power brisance and oxygen balance of many organic explosives... 

Table 4.1 shows a summary of the oxygen balances of important secondary explosives. 

Tab. 12.1 Nitrogen content and oxygen balance of some conventional explosives.

We have been discussing fast oxidation reactions such as burning and detonation and have seen that in those reactions, the products formed were at the maximum oxidation state possible for the particular fliel-to-oxidizer ratio, or oxygen balance, of the explosive being examined. Another reaction of importance when dealing with explosives is the decomposition reaction that occurs at a very slow rate and at low temperatures, relative to burning and detonation. 

---