Oxides, oxygen exchange

Fuels which have been used include hydrogen, hydrazine, methanol and ammonia, while oxidants are usually oxygen or air. Electrolytes comprise alkali solutions, molten carbonates, solid oxides, ion-exchange resins, etc. 

Shimomura, O., and Johnson, F. FI. (1975a). Influence of buffer system and pH on the amount of oxygen exchanged between solvent F420 and the C02 produced in the aerobic oxidation of Cypridina luciferin catalyzed by Cypridina luciferase. Anal. Biochem. 64 601-605. 

The chemical properties of oxide surfaces have been studied by several methods, including oxygen exchange. This method has been used to investigate the mechanisms of heterogeneous reactions for which oxides are active catalysts [36]. The dimerization step does not necessarily precede desorption and Malinin and Tolmachev [634], in one of the few reviews of decomposition kinetics of solid metal oxides, use this criterion to distinguish two alternative reaction mechanisms, examples being... 

Highest rates of biochemical oxidation are found in shallow, surface active reaches where attached microbiota and interfacial oxygen exchange are at their maxima. 

This is not exactly the order as the electronic conductivity of the oxides, indicating that electrocatalytic activity of mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides depends on other properties such as the oxygen exchange and ionic conductivities. 

DiSpirito, A. A., and Hooper, A. B. (1986). Oxygen exchange between nitrate molecules during nitrite oxidation by Nitrobacter. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10534-10537. 

The oxygen exchange between molybdates and water can be very rapid as appears from the work of Novakova and Jiru [238], The authors suggest that this exchange might interfere with the 1802 oxidation studies. However, as water is not actively participating in the oxidation process, its influence is probably of minor importance [353]. 

In previous studies, i,e. concurrent carbonyl-oxygen exchange in the hydrolysis of esters, acid hydrolysis of orthoesters and oxidation of acetals by ozone, the configuration of the tetrahedral intermediate was determined by the application of the principle of stereoelectronic control. There could be some ambiguity in these experiments as the theory of stereoelectronic control is used to predict both the stereochemistry of the tetrahedral intermediate as well as its breakdown. The oxidation cleavage of vinyl orthoesters can therefore be considered a more powerful experimental technique in that respect because the configuration of the hemi-orthoester... 

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