Oxidative stress sulfur mustard-induced

The mechanism of action of sulfur mustard is multifaceted and complex, and has been reviewed in some detail by Papirmeister et al. (1991), Hurst and Smith (2008), and Smith et al. (2008). Efforts to understand the mechanisms of sulfur mustard toxicity are ongoing. Basically, sulfur mustard disrupts the interface of the epidermis and basement membrane causing blistering between the epidermis and dermis. Both immediate (immediate cell membrane damage) and delayed phases (secondary effects resulting from inflammatory responses, DNA damage, vascular leakage) have been described for sulfur mustard-induced dermal effects (Somani and Babu, 1989). Many of the toxic effects of sulfur mustard can be attributed to oxidative stress. 

Pant, S.C., Vijayaraghavan, R., Kannan, G.M., Ganesan, K. (2000). Sulfur mustard induced oxidative stress and its prevention by sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulfonic acid (DMPS) in mice. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 13 225-32. 

Jain, A.K., Tewari-Singh, N., Gu, M., et al., 2011. Sulfur mustard analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide-induced skin injury involves DNA damage and induction of inflammatory mediators, in part via oxidative stress, in SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. Toxicol. Lett. 205, 293-301. 

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