OXAZOLINE POLYMER

Saegusa T, Ikeda H, Fujii H. Isomerization polymerization of 2-Oxazoline. I. Preparation of unsubstituted 2-Oxazoline polymer. Polym J 1972 3 35-39. 

Another method for preparing a,o)-di(2-oxazoline)-polymers involved the... 

Tuominen, J., Kyhna, J., Seppala, J., 2002. Chain extending of lactic acid oligomers. 2. Increase of molecular weight with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2 -bis(2-oxazoline). Polymer 43, 3-10. 

Caponi, P.-F, Qiu, X.-E, Vilela,F.,Winnik,F. M. and Ulijn, R. V. (2011). Phosphatase/ temperature responsive poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline). Polymer Chemistry, 2, 306-308. 

Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) 2-Ethyl-2-OXazoline polymer 2-ethyloxazoline homopolymer 25805-17-8 Oxazole, 2-ethyl-4,3-dihydro-, homopolymer R (C5H9NO),... 

Synthetic Applications. Oxazolines, which ate synthesized as indicated above, have been utilized in many different appHcations (25). When used in resin formulations, AMP, AEPD, and TRIS AMINO can incorporate the oxazoline stmeture into the polymer stmeture (26). Because they ate polyols, both AEPD and TRIS AMINO can be used in polyester resin modification. Oxazoline alkyd films ate characterized by improved performance, particularly salt-spray resistance and gloss (see Alkyd resins Coatings, special purpose, high performance). 

Polymers containing oxazoline groups are obtained either by grafting the 2-oxazoline onto a suitable existing polymer such as polyethylene or polyphenylene oxide or alternatively by copolymerising a monomer such as styrene or methyl methacrylate with a small quantity (<1%) of a 2-oxazoline. The grafting reaction may be carried out very rapidly (3-5 min) in an extruder at temperatures of about 200°C in the presence of a peroxide such as di-t-butyl peroxide Figure 7.13). 

In turn the oxazoline-containing polymer may then react very rapidly (e.g. at 240°C) with such groups as carboxyls, amines, phenols, anhydrides or epoxides, which may be present in other polymers. This reaction will link the two polymers by a rearrangement reaction similar to that involved in a rearrangement polymerisation without the evolution of water or any gaseous condensation products (Figure 7.14). 

Oxazolines may be used to react with terminal groups on condensation polymers to improve stability, particularly against hydrolysis. This appears to be of particular interest with poly (ethylene terephthalate). 

Also of interest is the use of bis-2-oxazolines, which have molecular weights in excess of 1000 and oxazoline groups at each end of the molecule. These can then react with various terminal groups of condensation polymers to bring about... 

Table 4. Swelling of hydrogels based on partly hydrolyzed polymers of methyl-2-oxazoline [62]...

Radical induced grafting may be carried out in solution, in the melt phase,292 29 or as a solid state process.296 This section will focus on melt phase grafting to polyolefin substrates but many of the considerations are generic. The direct grafting of monomers onto polymers, in particular polyolefins, in the melt phase by reactive extrusion has been widely studied. Most recently, the subject has been reviewed by Moad1 9 and by Russell.292 More details on reactive extrusion as a technique can be found in volumes edited by Xanthos," A1 Malaika and Baker et a 21 7 The process most often involves combining a frcc-radical initiator (most commonly a peroxide) and a monomer or macromonomer with the polyolefin as they are conveyed through the extruder. Monomers commonly used in this context include MAII (Section 7.6.4.1), maleimidc derivatives and malcate esters (Section 7.6.4.2), (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate esters (Section 7.6.43), S, AMS and derivatives (Section 7.6.4.4), vinylsilancs (Section 7.6.4.5) and vinyl oxazolines (Section 7.6.4.6). 

Typical examples of organic polymers satisfying the above requirements are as follows poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (2), poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (3), or poly(N,N-... 

Ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline produces poly( V-acetyl-ethylenimine) (Scheme 2) [24-27], The resulting polymer can be regarded as a... 

The polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline is a clean reaction, which is not disturbed by chain transfer and termination. In this polymerization, the propagating species having the structure of an oxazolinium salt is not fragile, which is conveniently utilized for syntheses of block copolymers and end-reactive polymers [28],... 

Oxazolines are among the few monomers which yield cationic living polymers. 

As previously seen for other POSS derivatives, compounds Ts[(CH2)3X]8 (X = Cl, Br, 1, or SCN) react in the presence of base to give Tio and T12 homologs by cage rearrangement. The iodide, T8[(CH2)3l]8, reacts with 2-methyl-2-oxazoline to give a precursor that can be used for polymer blending (Figure 45). ... 

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