Oxadiazole-containing copolymers

Q. Pei and Y. Yang, Bright blue electroluminescence from an oxadiazole-containing copolymer, Adv. Mater., 7 559-561, 1995. 

The alternating copolymers (PPOX-CAR and PMOX-CAR) are easily prepared by the Wittig condensation polymerization between the oxadiazole containing salt monomers and the carbazole dialdehyde. The copolymer, PPOXPV, composed of oxadiazole unit and phenylenevinylene unit, can be prepared by the same way as shown in Scheme 10. But the kinked PPOXPV copolymer is prepared in different synthetic pathway. Reaction of bis(2-bromo-5-hexyloxyben-zyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazole with p-divinyl benzene results in the formation of POOX-PV copolymer [69]. 

Polyheterocycles can even be made by polymer analogous reactions. A good example of this is the formation of oxadiazole-containing polymers. Thus, Janietz et al. [86] prepared the precursor polymers 89 by the polycondensation of 90 with 91 and then dehydrated it with phosphorus oychloride to give the phenylene oxadiazole copolymers 69 (Scheme 6.21). 

Christian-Pandya, H., S. Vaidyanathan, C. Ko, F.L. Beyer, and M.E. Galvin. (Submitted) Efficient flexible devices using a statistical copolymer of oxadiazole containing PPV. Synthetic metals. 

Similar PPV-based copolymers with carbazole and fluorene units in the backbone 101 and 102 (and also similar copolymers with oxadiazole substituents 103 and 104) have been synthesized by Ree and coworkers [148], Much lower PL efficiency in films was found in this case for carbazole-containing polymers 102 and 104 (1-4%), when compared to materials prepared by Shim (95 and 96, 59-64%) (Chart 2.21). 

Blends of yellowish-green-light emissive carbazole-containing PPV-based copolymer 105 (Apl = 490, 520 nm, AEL = 533 nm) with blue-emissive oxadiazole- poly-/ -phenylene (PPP) copolymer 106 (AEL = 426 nm) allowed to tune the emission of PLEDs (ITO/polymer blend/Al) from AEL = 533 nm to AEL = 451 nm, although the device turn-on voltage was essentially higher for the blends with increased content of 106 [149] (Chart 2.22). 

A series of carbazole-3,6-diyl polymers, including homopolymer 537c, alternating carba-zole-oxadiazole and carbazole-fluorene copolymers 541-545 and analogous random copolymers containing all three (carbazole, fluorene, and oxadiazole) units were prepared and... 

S. Jin, M. Kim, J.Y. Kim, K. Lee, and Y. Gal, High-efficiency polyfp-phenylene vinylene)-based copolymers containing an oxadiazole pendant group for light-emitting diodes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126 2474-2480, 2004. 

Anthracene fused norbornadiene derivatives Silicon-based alternating copolymers containing carbazole and oxadiazole moieties... 

Paik K.L., Baek N.S., Kim H.K, Lee J.H., Lee Y., Macromolecules 35 (2002) 6782. White Light-Emitting Diodes from Novel Silicon-Based Copolymers Containing Both Electron-Transport Oxadiazole and Hole-Transt>ort Carbazole Moieties in the Main Chain pp 6782-6791 Publication Date (Web) August 2, 2002 (Article) EKDI 10.1021/ma020406r... 

Hydrophobic fluorescent probes have been bound onto copolymers of 2-dialkylaminoethyl methacrylate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and compared with effects of dye binding l and in an amphiphilic copolymer of jl-styrenesulphonate with butyl methacrylate containing vinyl carbazole as a fluorescent probe only monomer fluorescence was observed especially in water where the polymer formed latex particles . two molecular populations have been observed for an oxadiazole dye in poly(l-trimethylsilyl-l-propyne)353 while a... 

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