Other Spectroscopies UV-visible, Electron Spin Resonance

4 Other Spectroscopies UV-visible, Electron Spin Resonance 

In addition to NMR and vibrational spectroscopies such as IR and Raman, which are by far the most generally applied, more specific UV-visible, ESR and Mossbauer spectroscopies are of value for particular investigations. Of these. 

Mossbauer is the most restricted in applicability, because only a few nuclei are amenable (among them Fe and Sn). 

Defects of other types at scales quite different from that of the unit cell can also be important. The surfaee stmeture represents both the crystal face during growth and the first structure presented to adsorbing molecules, so that surface study, for example by AFM and HRTEM, can give important clues to these processes. Furthermore, the structure of mesopores generated by post-synthetic treatment, or the size and dispersion of metal particles in bifunctional catalysts are both examples of non-periodic features important in catalysis, so that recently developed 3D TEM methods to study them have particular significance. 

That these solids are amenable to so many eharacterisation methods usually means that a eombination of methods will ultimately reveal important structural details. For example, combined IR, UV, Raman and EXAFS together established the nature of titanium substitution into TS-1, whereas the nature of aluminium atoms at acid sites in zeolites has been established by X-ray and 

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