Other Physiological Aspects

In Chapter 7, the nutritional aspects of the Maillard reaction were considered in some detail, but the Maillard reaction involves more than nutrition, and it will now be dealt with in the wider setting of health in general. In that context, four aspects of the Maillard reaction have come to the fore  

Complications in diabetes (cataract formation and nephropathy in particular). 

However, first both the formation of Amadori compounds and of advanced gly-cation endproducts in vivo must be considered. 

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Sorbic acid is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water ia the same way as other fatty acids, releasiag 27.6 kj/g sorbate (6.6 kcal/g) (165). As a result of the favorable toxicological and physiological aspects, the World Health Organization (WHO) has allowed sorbic acid at the highest acceptable daily iatake of all food preservatives, 25 mg/kg body weight (178). 

The expansion of our knowledge of the structure and function of Na,K-ATPase is reflected in a rapid succession of reviews on Na,K-ATPase genes and regulation of expression [17], subunit assembly and functional maturation [20], the isozymes of Na,K-ATPase [18], and the stability of a subunit isoforms during evolution [21], physiological aspects and regulation of Na,K-ATPase [22], reconstitution and cation exchange [23], chemical modification [24], and occlusion of cations [25]. Other valuable sources are the review articles [26] and recent developments [27] reported at the International Na,K-pump Conference in September 1990. 

Because osmotic pressures can be experimentally measured down to rather low values, the Van t Hoff equation proves to be valuable for determining the molecular weights of proteins and other high polymers, as illustrated in Sidebar 7.13. Other practical aspects of osmosis, dialysis, and reverse osmosis phenomena in the physiological and industrial domain are described briefly in Sidebar 7.14. 

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