Other Group 13 Elements

Complexes of Other Group 13 Elements - It has been proposed that the signal is useful to characterize the radiofrequency field of NMR coils. The NMR data of linear and cyclic alkenylalanes have been analysed.  

Jehenson, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1998, 95, 231. 

Krossing, H. Noth, H. Schwenk-Kircher, T. Seifert, and C. Tacke, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 1998, 1925. 

25ts v.V. Gavrilenko and L.I. Zakharkin, Russ. Chem. Bull., 1997,46, 1948 (Chem. Abstr., 1998,128, 148 735). 

Schnitter, H.W. Roesky, C. Ropken, R. Herbst-Irmer, H.-G. Schmidt, and M. Noltemeyer, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1998,37, 1952. 

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Thallium (Tl), which appears to exhibit conservative behaviour in seawater, has two potential oxidation states. As Tl1, thallium is very weakly complexed in solution. In contrast, Tl111 should be strongly hydrolysed in solution ([T13+]/[T13+]t — 10 20 5) with Tl(OH)3 as the dominant species over a very wide range of pH. The calculation of Turner et at. (1981) indicated thatTl111 is the thermodynamically favoured oxidation state at pH 8.2. Lower pH and p()2 would be favourable to Tl1 formation. Within the water column, pH can be considerably less than 8.2 and /)( )2 lower than 0.20 atm. In view of these factors, and the observation that redox disequilibrium in seawater is not uncommon, the oxidation state of Tl in seawater is somewhat uncertain. The existence of Tl in solution as Tl+, a very weakly interactive ion, would reasonably explain the conservative behaviour of Tl in seawater. However, the extremely strong solution complexation of Tl3+ suggests that Tl3+ may be substantially less particle reactive than other Group 13 elements (with the exception of boron). 

In covalent azides, the pseudohalogen azide RN3 has an angular structure as in HN3. Triazidoborazine [H3N3B3(N3)3] and other boron azides, for example, salts of the tetraazidoborate ion B(N3 (4 have been considered as boron nitride precursors (see Boron-Nitrogen Compounds). The M(Ns)3 azido complexes of the other group 13 elements (Al, Ga, In, Tl) and their M(N3)4 tetraazido anions are all known. They and their derivatives are also used as precursors for the nitrides. 

Boron s chemistry is so different from that of the other elements in this group that it deserves separate discussion. Chemically, boron is a nonmetal in its tendency to form covalent bonds, it shares more similarities with carbon and silicon than with aluminum and the other Group 13 elements. Like carbon, boron forms many hydrides like silicon, it forms oxygen-containing minerals with complex structures (borates). Compounds of boron have been used since ancient times in the preparation of glazes and borosilicate glasses, but the element itself has proven extremely difficult to purify. The pure element has a wide diversity of allotropes (different forms of the pure element), many of which are based on the icosahedral Bj2 unit. 

Compounds of Other Group 13 Elements. A review of 19F and 27Al NMR studies of organoaluminium fluorides has appeared.635... 

Only boron, the first element in Group 13, is a metalloid. The other Group 13 elements—almninum (Al), gaUimn (Ga), indium (In), and thal-limn (Tl)—are metals. None of the metals are as active as the metals in Groups 1 and 2, but they re good conductors of heat and electricity. They are silvery in appearance and fairly soft. Group 13 metals tend to share electrons rather than form ionic compoimds in this respect, they resemble boron. Their valence configuration is and they exhibit the 3+ oxidation number in most of their compounds. 

Describe how the properties of boron are different from the other group 13 elements. 

The dithiocarboxylate salts of other Group 13 elements have not been studied extensively in recent years, although a few spectroscopic studies have been reported [126,127]. 

While naphthalene-based mercuraindacycles have been purported to feature weak non-bonded Hg-In interactions [35], there have been no reports of direct Group 12-Group 13 bonds involving any other Group 13 elements. 

The chemistry of organolead compounds i3.34b jg distinct from those of other group 13 elements by the following characteristics ... 

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